Deck 27: The Tortured Decade, 1930-1939

Question 1

Define the following terms: Aryans

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Define the following terms: euthanasia program

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Define the following terms: stock market crash

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Define the following terms: Great Depression

Question 5

Define the following terms: M. N. Ryutin

Question 6

Define the following terms: show trials

Question 7

Define the following terms: industrialization

Question 8

Define the following terms: Adolf Hitler

Question 9

Define the following terms: Schutzstaffel (SS)

Question 10

Define the following terms: Stalinism

Question 11

Define the following terms: Lebensraum

Question 12

Define the following terms: John Maynard Keynes

Question 13

Define the following terms: the New Deal

Question 14

Define the following terms: Stakhanovism

Question 15

Define the following terms: National Socialist German Workers' (Nazi) Party (NSDAP)

Question 16

Define the following terms: Führer

Question 17

Define the following terms: "socialism in one country"

Question 18

Define the following terms: Gulag

Question 19

Define the following terms: collectivization

Question 20

Define the following terms: totalitarianism

Question 21

Compare Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini. What were some goals and methods they had in common? In what ways were they different? What is the meaning of totalitarianism, and how would it apply to Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and fascist Italy?

Question 22

Define the following terms: Sudetenland

Question 23

Define the following terms: popular fronts

Question 24

Historians commonly refer to changes in the Soviet Union beginning in 1929 as the Stalin Revolution. Though the term is not used in the textbook, use it to structure a thorough discussion of the changes instituted by Stalin.

Question 25

Define the following terms: Anschluss

Question 26

Define the following terms: Rome-Berlin axis

Question 27

Define the following terms: remilitarization of the Rhineland

Question 28

Define the following terms: Kristallnacht (Crystal Night)

Question 29

Define the following terms: appeasement

Question 30

Summarize Hitler's early life and rise to power. What was his worldview, and how was it translated into policy?

Question 31

Define the following terms: Nazi-Soviet Pact

Question 32

Summarize the causes of the Great Depression, its immediate effects in Europe and the United States, and the reaction to it of the governments discussed in the chapter. In what states were the most effective measures taken? What were some effects of the Depression on the colonial nations? On Japan and China?

Question 33

Define the following terms: General Francisco Franco

Question 34

Explain how Weimar Germany became Nazi Germany. How was Germany transformed by 1939? What was the appeal of Nazism before and after its seizure of power?

Question 35

Define the following terms: Léon Blum

Question 36

Define the following terms: Free City of Danzig

Question 37

Define the following terms: Leni Riefenstahl's Triumph of the Will

Question 38

Define the following terms: Spanish civil war

Question 39

Define the following terms: Munich Agreement

Question 40

Define the following terms: Guernica

Question 41

Propaganda has always been an effective tool, whether used by the government or simple everyday advertising to make a public buy, act, or follow a path to a specific goal. Describe how the Triumph of the Will was used by the Nazi Party to focus the German people on a specific goal.

Question 42

Which of the following is not true about Hitler?

A) Hitler avoided service during World War I.
B) Hitler was an Austrian who preferred Germany over the multinational Habsburg Empire.
C) Together with his fellow general Ludendorff, Hitler attempted to overthrow the German government in the Beer Hall Putsch.
D) Hitler presented his main ideas in a book, Mein Kampf .
E) As a soldier in World War I, fellow soldiers found him quirky and introverted.

Question 43

What was the most common initial response of governments to the Great Depression?

A) Raise taxes, cut expenditures, and balance the budget
B) Lower taxes and increase spending to stimulate the economy
C) Change nothing and let the market heal itself
D) Lower tariffs to stimulate international trade
E) Reverting to Keynes theories of rationale government intervention

Question 44

Which of the following is associated with The General Theory of Employment by John Maynard Keynes?

A) A well run capitalistic system does not produce unemployment.
B) Nationalization of industry is the only way to stop a major economic downturn.
C) An active government role in managing capitalistic economies would preserve democracy and capitalism.
D) Authoritarian systems are more capable in handling economic problems.
E) Private initiative will be destroyed by government actions in the economy.

Question 45

The Weimar Republic

A) was violently overthrown by the Nazis.
B) was legally overthrown by the Nazis.
C) was unaffected by the Depression.
D) gave way to a brief period of monarchical restoration.
E) turned to the Nazi Party to spearhead a deflationary economic program.

Question 46

Which of the following statements about Nazism is not true?

A) National Socialism never drew support from a significant part of the German people.
B) Nazism added racism to Mussolini's original fascism.
C) Nazism sought to preserve "traditional" values and to revitalize German patriotism.
D) National Socialism emphasized national unity.
E) It was the vehicle that Hitler used to gain power.

Question 47

Describe what the Spanish civil war was, when and why it occurred, and what its results were. Was it unreasonable for the Nationalists to seek a military restoration of order, given the chaos of republican government? Considering what you know of Spanish history, what republican measures do you think would have most antagonized many Spaniards?

Question 48

Which of the following did Japan adopt to deal with the Depression?

A) Expansionism; Japan annexed Manchuria in 1931 and attacked the rest of China in 1937.
B) Isolationism; Japan closed its ports to the outside world and its economic troubles.
C) Modernization; Japan began to industrialize.
D) Democratization; the emperor was retired and a parliamentary democracy was inaugurated.
E) They masked their aggression as the leaders who were freeing Asia from Western powers.

Question 49

By how much did European economies decline in the years 1929-1932?

A) A little over 50 percent
B) Just under 75 percent
C) 90 percent
D) 25-30 percent
E) They did not decrease.

Question 50

How can it be said that Stalin's cruelty was really a reaction to Leninist communism?

A) Stalin's reactions were often a response to a real chaotic situation that threatened the state.
B) Stalin was following the precise blueprint of Lenin's industrial plans.
C) Stalin was known to underplay situations until they got out of control.
D) There was never any serious threat to his leadership by the mid-1930s
E) Lenin had used massive purges to safeguard the revolution.

Question 51

How did French political problems during the 1930s leave the country unprepared for war?

Question 52

Although the stock market crash was the trigger that started the great depression, its consequences did not involve which of the following?

A) Decreased agricultural production
B) European nations became free of interdependent world economies.
C) Credit remained strong before and during the depression, especially in America.
D) Disastrous tariffs were repealed.
E) Interest rates were raised to stop deflation.

Question 53

Which of the following did not result from the Great Depression?

A) The spread of communism to east-central Europe
B) Heightened anti-Western feelings
C) Intensified sociopolitical strains throughout the West
D) A growing appeal of fascism and communism
E) A fragile international economic order that was strong prior to the depression

Question 54

Soviet collectivization involved all of the following except

A) a massive drop in agricultural production.
B) "squeezing" the peasants to accelerate industrialization.
C) a decrease in agricultural exports.
D) serious peasant resistance.
E) the terror famine of 1932-1933.

Question 55

Stalin's purges

A) were limited to Trotskyites.
B) extended to all organs of the state except the military.
C) affected all sectors of Soviet society.
D) were not intended to cause terror and remained largely unknown to the public.
E) did not include members of the military or high ranking communists.

Question 56

The 1929 stock market crash weakened the German economy by

A) hurting German investors in the market.
B) further restricting U.S. loans to Germany.
C) triggering a speculative bubble in the German market.
D) weakening German banks.
E) All of these

Question 57

The successful Scandinavian response to the Depression included

A) pioneering the "welfare state."
B) adopting a high level of progressive taxation.
C) reducing military expenditures to a minimum.
D) a third way between capitalism and dictatorship.
E) All of these

Question 58

As a result of the Depression, all of the following occurred in India except

A) deepening rural poverty.
B) economic revival with the decline of English economic domination.
C) a growth in the independence movement.
D) Gandhi became the first leader with a mass following throughout the subcontinent.
E) boycotting of British goods.

Question 59

The mass unemployment of the Great Depression

A) resulted in a rise of malnutrition and disease.
B) produced a backlash against the ideal of the "new woman."
C) undermined the lower middle class.
D) created a great sense of insecurity even with those with jobs.
E) All of these

Question 60

Chronicle Hitler's destruction of the Versailles settlement, from his announcement of German rearmament to the invasion of Poland. Explain his success and the reaction of neighboring states.

Question 61

Western doubts about relying on Soviet military support were based on all of the following except

A) skepticism about the quality of the recently purged army.
B) unwillingness of Poland and Romania to grant Soviet troops access through their countries to Germany.
C) Soviet territorial designs on Poland and Romania.
D) a revolt against Stalin led by the military.
E) British and French concerns over German actions concerning the Danzig.

Question 62

Measures taken by Hitler that were considered the restoration of full German sovereignty included

A) invading Poland.
B) remilitarizing the Rhineland.
C) forming the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.
D) sending troops to Prague.
E) actions that appeared not to threaten the power balance initiated by the Treaty of Versailles.

Question 63

The result of the popular front government in France was

A) civil war.
B) British intervention.
C) French intervention in Spain.
D) polarization and demoralization of French society.
E) that French investors began to move their capital abroad.

Question 64

Hitler's program for Germany

A) lacked specific recommendations.
B) focused on acquisition of an overseas colonial empire.
C) was based on an original, uniquely German worldview.
D) was to unite Italian and German fascism.
E) included eastward expansion into Slavic territories in order to compete in the global arena.

Question 65

Problems facing the French popular front government included all of the following except

A) the forceful policies of Léon Blum.
B) labor discontent.
C) the Spanish civil war.
D) alienation of French business.
E) a coalition of Communists, Socialists, and Radicals.

Question 66

All of the following are true of the Nazi euthanasia program except that it

A) targeted Jews and foreigners.
B) began under medical auspices.
C) aimed at eliminating the ill and the handicapped.
D) took 100,000 lives.
E) was based on the idea that war was the norm and readiness was an essential societal imperative.

Question 67

Popular fronts were

A) communist youth organizations.
B) fascist youth organizations.
C) coalitions of nonfascist parties.
D) grass-roots self-help organizations.
E) seen as a movement from democracy to communism

Question 68

Hitler's attack on Poland was part of his long-range goal of

A) ruling only ethnic Germans and formerly German possessions.
B) Lebensraum.
C) gaining control of Danzig but going no further.
D) forcing a limited revision of the Versailles treaty.
E) uniting Europe in fighting communism.

Question 69

Hitler's reaction to the Munich agreement was to

A) observe its provisions exactly.
B) decide against meddling in Czechoslovakia.
C) intervene to support Slovak nationalism and to set up a German protectorate for Czech areas.
D) refuse to sign it.
E) hold his pledge to respect the sovereignty of the diminished Czechoslovakia.

Question 70

The policy of appeasement

A) culminated in the Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939.
B) emboldened Hitler.
C) was pursued by Czechoslovakia and Poland when faced with German demands.
D) defused labor unrest in France and Britain.
E) was opposed by Britain's Neville Chamberlain.

Question 71

Stalin agreed to the Nazi-Soviet Pact for all of the following reasons except that

A) he recognized the common totalitarian nature of fascism and communism.
B) war seemed inevitable, so a Soviet alliance with Britain and France would be useless in preventing it.
C) a nonaggression agreement with Germany promoted Soviet security.
D) by a secret protocol, the Soviet Union could seize half of Poland.
E) the Soviets would gain territory lost after World War I.

Question 72

Hitler and the Nazis received considerable support from the German population because they

A) took Germany out of the Depression and denounced the Treaty of Versailles.
B) provided a sense of belonging and participation.
C) were dynamic and Hitler was charismatic.
D) were a welcome departure from the paralysis of the Weimer system.
E) All of these

Question 73

Which of the following statements is not correct in describing German resistance and opposition to Hitler and the Nazi party?

A) Resistance increased as the regime became more intrusive.
B) German youth groups opposed the Fuhrer.
C) The public minimized their involvement with the regime.
D) The Gestapo did not terrorize Germans randomly.
E) Germans who opposed the regime were given their constitutional rights when charged to protect the legitimacy of the Nazi Party.

Question 74

All of the following are true of the Anschluss except that

A) the Treaty of Versailles had forbidden it.
B) many Austrians favored it.
C) Mussolini had always supported it.
D) France and Britain accepted it.
E) it had the appearance of correcting a misconceived aspect of the peace settlement.

Question 75

Discontent among Sudetenland Germans was due to all of the following except

A) a lack of democracy in Czechoslovakia.
B) resentment over their minority status in a state whose people they had recently dominated.
C) the Depression.
D) Nazi agitation.
E) German agents in the Sudetenland that stirred up resentments against the government.

Question 76

Mussolini's foreign policy in 1934 and 1935 included

A) supporting Hitler's claims to Austria.
B) refusing to meet with France and Britain.
C) invading Ethiopia.
D) obeying the League of Nations.
E) refusal to become involved in the Spanish Civil War.

Question 77

Support for Hitler grew for all of the following reasons except

A) the pro-Nazi sympathies of Catholics and industrial workers.
B) problems caused by the Depression.
C) dissatisfaction with the Weimar regime.
D) anticommunist sentiment.
E) Germans thought it was time to try something new.

Question 78

All of the following are true about Picasso's Guernica except that it

A) conveys horror and outrage.
B) depicts the French bombing of the Basque town of Guernica.
C) was displayed at the 1937 Paris Exhibition.
D) uses elemental imagery.
E) represents the violence and suffering of the whole era.

Question 79

In the Spanish civil war

A) Hitler and Mussolini aided the Nationalists.
B) 40,000 volunteers from abroad supported the republic.
C) the Soviet Union sent aid to the Spanish Communists.
D) General Franco led army officers in a military uprising against the government.
E) All of these

Question 80

Hitler's anti-Semitism differed from conventional racism in

A) considering Jews as just one of many races in conflict.
B) focusing on the biological features of individuals.
C) holding that humanity is subject to ruthless, Darwinian natural laws.
D) regarding Jews as uniquely harmful to the natural, healthy struggle among racial groups.
E) humanity had to be controlled because nature would continue to degenerate racial differences.