Deck 12: Life in the Ocean

Question 1

Though it is difficult to generalize for the ocean as a whole, the bottom of the euphotic zone is about ____ deep in mid-latitudes.

A)10 meters (33 feet)
B)70 meters (230 feet)
C)160 meters (525 feet)
D)500 meters (1,640 feet)

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Beneficial inheritable structural or behavioral traits are known as ____.

A)skills
B)adaptations
C)domains
D)environmental pressures

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Organisms that thrive in harsh, high temperature conditions are an example of ____.

A)extremophiles
B)aquaphiles
C)osmophiles
D)halophiles

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Consumers that eat primary producers are called ____.

A)primary consumers
B)top consumers
C)autotrophs
D)trophic consumers

Question 5

In photosynthesis, plants use the energy in sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into ____.

A)carbohydrates and hydrogen sulfide
B)oxygen and hydrogen
C)sulfate and hydrogen
D)carbohydrates and oxygen

Question 6

The organisms that make their own food are called ____.

A)primary consumers
B)primary producers
C)heterotrophs
D)secondary consumers

Question 7

A spontaneous, inheritable change in an organism's genes is called a ____.

A)mutation
B)selection
C)prokaryote
D)genus

Question 8

The process by which accumulated adaptations result in superficially similar animals derived from different stock is called ____.

A)copycat evolution
B)convergent evolution
C)common ancestry
D)genetic drift

Question 9

____ are responsible for the vast majority of the ocean's primary productivity.

A)Seaweeds
B)Cchemosynthetic organisms
C)Extremophiles
D)Phytoplankton

Question 10

When the concentrations of dissolved substances in water on either side of a cell membrane are the same, the situation is described as being ____.

A)isotonic
B)hypertonic
C)diffuse
D)hypotonic

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a primary producer?

A)phytoplankton
B)crabs
C)fish
D)seals

Question 12

The three domains of living things are the Eukarya, Bacteria, and ____.

A)Prokarya
B)Protista
C)Archaea
D)Animalia

Question 13

What do prokaryotes lack?

A)a nucleus
B)cell walls
C)the ability to perform photosynthesis
D)the ability to evolve over time

Question 14

Organisms that cannot make their own food are called ____.

A)primary producers
B)heterotrophs
C)secondary producers
D)autotrophs

Question 15

The zone of ocean water where photosynthetic organisms have enough light to thrive is called the ____.

A)disphotic zone
B)euphotic zone
C)aphotic zone
D)mesopelagic zone

Question 16

Which wavelength of light penetrates to the greatest depth in ocean water?

A)red
B)blue
C)yellow
D)ultraviolet

Question 17

The form of autotrophy in which organic molecules are produced without using sunlight is called ____.

A)respiration
B)chemosynthesis
C)heterotrophy
D)decomposition

Question 18

In ____, dissolved substances slowly spread out from regions of high concentrations to regions of low concentration.

A)diffusion
B)osmosis
C)active transport
D)hypotonic transport

Question 19

Roughly ____ of the biomass consumed by any consumer is stored in the consumer as flesh.

A)5 percent
B)10 percent
C)15 percent
D)25 percent

Question 20

Scientists can observe primary productivity in the ocean from space by measuring the ____.

A)temperature of the surface water
B)depth of the euphotic zone
C)amount of chlorophyll in surface waters
D)salinity of surface waters

Question 21

The movement of water through a cell membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration is called ____.

A)diffusion
B)osmosis
C)active transport
D)chemosynthesis

Question 22

Primary productivity measures the grams of carbon bound into organic material per square meter of ocean surface area per year.

Question 23

Nitrogen and phosphorous can be depleted by photosynthetic organisms during times of high productivity.

Question 24

An organism's metabolic rate increases as ____ increases.

A)temperature
B)density
C)salinity
D)depth

Question 25

Marine organisms are limited in terms of where in the ocean they can live because of the enormous amount of pressure in the deep sea.

Question 26

A physical or biological necessity whose presence in inappropriate amounts limits the normal action of an organism is known as a ____.

A)nutrient
B)limiting factor
C)trophic level
D)scarce condition

Question 27

The aphotic zone is the upper layer of the ocean where there is enough light for photosynthesis and vision.

Question 28

The average pH of seawater is about ____.

A)2
B)5
C)8
D)10

Question 29

The main inorganic nutrients necessary for photosynthesis are ____.

A)carbon dioxide and carbohydrates
B)glucose and oxygen
C)nitrate and phosphates
D)nitrate and carbohydrates

Question 30

Where in the ocean is oxygen most plentiful?

A)euphotic zone
B)aphotic zone
C)near the seafloor
D)disphotic zone

Question 31

A tuna is an example of a top consumer.

Question 32

Two species that both have the ability to fly must have evolved from a common ancestor.

Question 33

Hydrogen sulfide is a high-energy molecule that can be used to make carbohydrates through the process of chemosynthesis.

Question 34

Most marine organisms have an internal temperature very close to that of their surroundings. They are known as ____ organisms.

A)poikilothermic
B)endothermic
C)homeothermic
D)ectothermic

Question 35

When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, the water becomes slightly more ____.

A)acidic; its pH is higher
B)acidic; its pH is lower
C)alkaline; its pH is higher
D)alkaline; its pH is lower

Question 36

Asteroids hitting Earth can result in mass extinctions.

Question 37

Why is the pH of ocean water more acidic in deep water?

A)More organic material is present.
B)More carbon dioxide is present.
C)More oxygen is present.
D)Temperature is lower.

Question 38

An important part of Darwinian natural selection is that traits must be inheritable.

Question 39

All other factors begin equal, a greater quantity of gas can dissolve in ____ seawater.

A)cold
B)warm
C)high salinity
D)low salinity

Question 40

The scientific name of an organism includes the genus and species name.

Question 41

How is photosynthesis different from chemosynthesis? How are they similar?

Question 42

In your own words, describe the mechanism of natural selection.

Question 43

Explain the concept of convergent evolution using an example.

Question 44

Describe energy flow through a generalized marine trophic system.

Question 45

Most marine organisms have the same body temperature and salinity as the surrounding environment. Why?