Deck 5: Cognitive Ability: Intelligence, Talent, and Achievement

Question 1

Which of the following is a basic idea regarding core knowledge?

A) some ideas or principles are programmed into the human brain so that they are innate
B) through social interaction, young children come to understand the world
C) people with high intelligence also tend to have high core knowledge
D) knowledge of some domains is correlated positively with education and income (SES)

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The intelligence-achievement discrepancy definition of learning disability refers to which of the following?

A) genetic causes of learning disabilities
B) achievement is lower than what you would expect based on measured intelligence
C) response to intervention models in which there are three tiers of intervention
D) focusing on the relevant aspects of Sternberg's theory of successful intelligence

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following do IQ scores NOT predict?

A) post-traumatic stress disorder
B) health
C) income
D) age

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is true of habituation?

A) used to measure multiple intelligences
B) tests how infants respond to impossible events
C) tests how middle schoolers respond to impossible events
D) uses interviews to verify measures of intelligence

Question 5

Which question have researchers investigated to study infants' core knowledge?

A) Do they gaze longer at impossible events?
B) Do they prefer their mother over other adults?
C) How do they use metacognition?
D) Do they recognize familiar adults?

Question 6

Which of the following is one of Gardner's intelligences?

A) logical-mathematical
B) socio-emotional
C) g
D) biological

Question 7

The Flynn effect refers to which of the following?

A) a reduction in the achievement gap between children of color and White children
B) the pattern of today's children having more anxiety than their parents and grandparents
C) a cultural emphasis on concrete reasoning rather than abstract reasoning
D) a huge gain in measured intelligence in many countries of the world

Question 8

Which of the following is most true about average gender differences in intelligence?

A) Boys tend to be superior in general intelligence scores.
B) Boys tend to be superior in spatial ability.
C) Girls tend to be superior in mathematical ability.
D) Boys and girls are about the same in all measures of intelligence.

Question 9

An IQ score of 115 suggests which of the following about the student?

A) probably won't do well in college
B) more intelligent than most other students
C) low in g but high in problem solving
D) scored 85% on the intelligence test

Question 10

In order to apply multiple intelligences to the classroom, you should do which of the following?

A) give the same tasks to all learners so that they can use their unique intelligences
B) plan lessons that could engage multiple intelligences by using different approaches to learn the same material
C) consider engaging additional intelligences like sports intelligence and astronomy intelligence
D) teach each lesson using all of the intelligences, for example including learning through movement in each lesson

Question 11

Research on intelligence, expertise, and talent suggests that in order to increase student talent, schools should

A) carefully select the most innately talented students for special programs
B) encourage students to practice a lot more and provide good coaching and feedback
C) avoid the use of tests or performances to identify talented youth
D) use the Flynn effect to combat the achievement gap

Question 12

Which of the following is a commonly used intelligence test?

A) Manliccher's puzzles
B) Wechsler scales
C) Gardner's multiple intelligences test
D) test of practical intelligence

Question 13

Sonny, a high school junior, has a somewhat difficult time in school compared to his peers, particularly with abstract math problems and literary symbolism. He tries hard, but he still struggles with abstract concepts that other students pick up fairly easily. Sonny is a much better musician than his peers. He practices long hours to improve his singing, guitar playing, and song writing. Sonny is very skilled at working with people; during playground basketball games he serves as referee and arbitrator. If we were asked to assess Sonny's intelligence according to researchers' and experts' traditional conceptions of intelligence, which of the following is most valid?

A) Sonny is probably less intelligent than his typical peers.
B) Sonny's intelligence is probably similar to that of his typical peers.
C) Sonny is probably more intelligent than his typical peers
D) None of the above.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true?

A) The stability of intelligence for Scottish children is higher than for other children in Europe.
B) When Scottish residents were given the same test of musical intelligence they had taken 5 years before, the correlation between the scores was high.
C) When Scottish residents were given the same IQ test they had taken 69 years before, the correlation between the scores was high.
D) Because of concerns about test bias, the high court in Scotland has banned the use of IQ tests for school-related decisions.

Question 15

The search for culture-free intelligence tests has led to

A) the realization that there may be no such thing as a culture-free test.
B) several tests on which nearly all groups (Congolese, African-American, U.S. white, French, etc.) receive the same average scores.
C) the discovery that African Americans are actually favored on several prominent intelligence tests.
D) culture-free tests like the Ravens matrices.

Question 16

Which of the following is true of children with high intelligence?

A) They need less time to learn material.
B) They tend to be socially incompetent.
C) They are more likely to be boys than girls.
D) They have an advantage over low-intelligence children only in domains for which they have a lot of prior knowledge.

Question 17

Ms. Torque teaches her class using high quality curriculum materials. A few low achieving students receive extra help in her classroom, and two low achieving students receive intensive one-on-one intervention. Ms. Torque is using what in her classroom?

A) Disability Services
B) Direct Instruction
C) Response to Intervention
D) Cognitive Overload Intervention

Question 18

Which of the following would be most commonly accepted by most intelligence experts as an indication of intelligence?

A) being able to play Gershwin's "Rhapsody in Blue" after a relatively short period of practice
B) solving problems such as, "If all A are B and all B are C, then are all A also C?"
C) knowing what to do to handle a sticky social situation, such as what to do when you have two appointments at the same time
D) being able to perceive fine differences in the distances of two signposts

Question 19

The traditional definition of intelligence, as described in a statement signed by 52 experts, emphasizes which of the following?

A) ability to hear and understand music
B) practical ability to solve concrete problems on the street
C) ability to reason, solve problems, and think abstractly
D) stages of formal operational thought

Question 20

Sonny, a high school junior, has a somewhat difficult time in school compared to his peers, particularly with abstract math problems and literary symbolism. He tries hard, but he still struggles with abstract concepts that other students pick up fairly easily. Sonny is a much better musician than his peers. He practices long hours to improve his singing, guitar playing, and song writing. Sonny is very skilled at working with people; during playground basketball games he serves as referee and arbitrator. According to Gardner's theory of intelligence, which of the following statements is most valid?

A) Sonny would be described as unintelligent according to each of Gardner's dimensions of intelligence.
B) Sonny would be described as intelligent according to some of Gardner's dimensions of intelligence and unintelligent for others.
C) Sonny would be described as unintelligent according to Gardner's g factor.
D) Sonny would be described as having balanced intelligence.

Question 21

What does retention in grade predict?

Question 22

Name one of Gardner's multiple intelligences that would be most relevant to a car mechanic.

Question 23

Which of the following statements about the SES achievement gap is true?

A) The gap exists in the U.S. but does not exist in most other countries.
B) The gap is primarily a result of cultural mismatch.
C) The gap lessens across the school years.
D) The gap increases across the school years.

Question 24

In the math PISA and TIMSS rankings, which of the following had the highest rankings?

A) the U.S. and the Russian Federation
B) the Russian Federation and Norway
C) Hong Kong and Japan
D) Austria and New Zealand

Question 25

What is standard deviation?

Question 26

Is IQ more heritable for high income or low income students?

Question 27

Current diagnosis of learning disabilities emphasizes whether students

A) are achieving at their potential as measured by intelligence
B) learn at a normal rate from high quality instruction
C) have a genetic condition that makes it difficult for them to learn
D) are in the lowest 5% of achievement

Question 28

How many years of intensive practice does it take to attain an international level of eminence or expertise, according to some research?

A) 5 years
B) 10 years
C) 15 years
D) 20 years

Question 29

According to the text, the best explanation for SES differences in academic achievement is which of the following?

A) genetic abilities
B) experiences inside and outside of school
C) levels of parental monitoring
D) lack of government programs

Question 30

Which of the following is true of the achievement of boys and girls?

A) Girls tend to have higher grades at all grade levels.
B) Boys tend to earn better writing grades than girls.
C) Boys tend to have considerably higher math grades and test scores at all grade levels.
D) Boys and girls are nearly identical in AP course enrollment and AP test scores.

Question 31

Which of the following is characteristic of Asian families and schools according to the text?

A) Asian children have more recess time than U.S. children.
B) Asian schools and class sizes are smaller than U.S.
C) Asian culture values math ability less than U.S.
D) the Asian school year is shorter than in the U.S.

Question 32

Laxmi practices the piano at least an hour a day. She likes being able to play the piano, but does not enjoy practicing. She has an excellent teacher who helps her diagnose weak areas in her playing and improve them. Laxmi is engaged in what?

Question 33

Attributing high levels of talent to innate ability could lead to which of the following in children?

A) developing racist assumptions
B) thinking that they have no control over talent development
C) practicing more than they need to
D) overemphasis on core knowledge

Question 34

Name one of the three major components of Sternberg's Theory of Successful Intelligence.

Question 35

When school personnel refer to the achievement gap , they are typically referring to

A) low SES White students who tend to have higher grades and test scores than high SES African American students.
B) northern states that tend to have higher test scores than southern states.
C) high income and White students who tend to have higher grades and test scores than low income and minority students.
D) schools with federal funding that tend to have higher test scores than schools that lack federal funding.

Question 36

What is the basic claim of g ?

Question 37

The achievement in Principal Yu's elementary school is low. Which of the following might she most want to increase to raise achievement?

A) amount of homework
B) retention in grade
C) class size
D) time on task

Question 38

According to research on expert violinists, the primary cause of talent is

A) genetic endowment.
B) parental support.
C) expert instruction.
D) time spent in deliberate practice.

Question 39

Chess experts have better memory for pieces on a chess board only under what circumstances?

Question 40

Which of the following is most true of age trends in achievement?

A) Achievement becomes less stable as children move into high school.
B) Children focus on grades when young and proficiency test scores when older.
C) Students' grades tend to decline over the school years.
D) Students tend to earn higher grades as they grow older.