Deck 2: Physical Development and Health

Question 1

Myrtle McGraw's studies, teaching twins Jimmy and Johnny to roller skate and other activities, showed that you can

A) teach premature infants to swim.
B) speed maturation through exercise.
C) speed motor development with exercise, but to a limited extent.
D) speed motor development with exercise, but it can lead to malformation of limbs.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Exercise is linked with which of the following in the brain?

A) excessive use of glucose and lower test scores
B) improved functioning and higher test scores
C) enhanced development of the pubertal system
D) decreased impulse control

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is often called the fuel of the brain?

A) Neurons
B) Myelin
C) Glucose
D) Electrical impulses

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Children who are underreactive to stress and do not seem to feel stress as readily as other children tend to be

A) active and polite.
B) passive and inactive.
C) aggressive and impulsive.
D) depressed and anxious.

Question 5

Girls who physically mature early tend to experience which of the following?

A) improved science learning
B) high levels of intelligence
C) decreased interest in boys
D) behavior problems and depression

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT part of the definition of puberty?

A) reduction in activity level
B) growth spurt
C) changes in proportion of muscle and fat
D) sexual maturation

Question 7

Which of the following is true of puberty for girls?

A) Puberty occurs at first menarche.
B) Puberty occurs at first gonadarche.
C) Puberty is a gradual process that includes menarche.
D) Puberty begins with first menarche and ends with gonadarche.

Question 8

What is myelin?

A) a three-part brain component that includes the sending end of one neuron, the receiving end of another, and the space in between
B) a fatty substance that forms a sheath around axons
C) the fluid in the space between two neurons
D) a neurotransmitter made of dopamine

Question 9

Which of the following is most true of brain development?

A) The way the brain develops is fully specified by genes.
B) The brain changes as a result of experience.
C) There is a critical period in brain development after which development no longer occurs.
D) Behavioral inhibition causes brain development.

Question 10

Obesity in children predicts which of the following?

A) early onset of puberty
B) good self-control in the classroom as the obese child tries to avoid criticism
C) greater likelihood of attending college
D) avoidance of non-food substances like alcohol and tobacco

Question 11

Which of the following is most true of brain-based education?

A) It has transformed education during the past 10 years.
B) Its aura of accuracy causes people to too readily accept its claims.
C) It overly emphasizes the role of glucose in human learning.
D) It has transformed Asian schools but has had little effect in the U.S.

Question 12

Which of the following is true of breast feeding?

A) Breast milk is more difficult to digest than formula.
B) Breast milk promotes rapid brain growth and myelinization.
C) Breastfeeding does not predict improved outcomes for children.
D) Breastfed babies are somewhat more likely to be constipated.

Question 13

Synapses are pruned from a child's brain as a result of

A) lack of use during his or her experiences.
B) myelination.
C) glucose transmission.
D) electrical impulses that destroy synapses.

Question 14

Which of the following is true of low birth weight children?

A) A good home environment can do little to compensate for their medical problems.
B) They are typically average in size by adolescence.
C) They often experience cognitive problems such as low IQ and attention deficits.
D) They quickly catch up cognitively with other children.

Question 15

According to Maslow's hierarchy, the root cause of misbehavior is

A) poor myelination.
B) unmet needs.
C) lack of self-actualization.
D) societal undermining of the self-system.

Question 16

In terms of movement, physical activity peaks at about what age?

A) 1-3 years
B) 4-5 years
C) 7-9 years
D) 12-13 years

Question 17

Of the following, which part of the brain is most involved in control processes such as impulse control, emotion control, and long-term planning?

A) prefrontal cortex
B) limbic system
C) cerebellum
D) brainstem

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT associated with low birth weight?

A) mother's drug use during pregnancy
B) being a twin
C) having a teenage mother
D) mother's age when she experienced puberty

Question 19

Brain plasticity

A) only exists in humans, but not in other animals.
B) diminishes as children grow past age 10.
C) refers to the brain's ability to change its basic shape after injury.
D) is the foundation for behavioral inhibition.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of undernutrition?

A) accelerates puberty
B) helps children stay fit into adulthood
C) reduces achievement and intelligence
D) can result if breast milk is the sole source of nutrition for a child 4-6 months of age

Question 21

Which group is most likely to be obese in the U.S.?

A) low SES children
B) middle SES children
C) high SES children
D) none of the above

Question 22

SIDS or crib death occurs most often

A) before 1 month of age.
B) before 1 year of age.
C) between 1 and 2 years old.
D) between 2 and 3 years old.

Question 23

A substance taken by a pregnant mother that can permanently damage an embryo's growth is termed

A) toxoplasmosis
B) intrauterine growth hormone
C) dopamine
D) teratogen

Question 24

The claim that eating sugary treats makes kids "hyper" or overly active

A) was started with faulty correlational research and is a myth.
B) was started by the milk industry, which wanted to encourage drinking milk instead of soda pop.
C) has been demonstrated to be true with experimental research.
D) has been demonstrated to be true through the experience of hundreds of teachers and parents.

Question 25

According to the text, how many hours of sleep do typical adolescents need per night?

A) 6-8 hours
B) 8-10 hours
C) 9-12 hours
D) Sleep needs vary so much that no guidelines are given.

Question 26

Which drug is most commonly used by adolescents?

A) tobacco
B) cocaine
C) marijuana
D) alcohol

Question 27

A cause of nonorganic failure to thrive is

A) excessive sugar and fat in the diet.
B) excessive growth hormone.
C) lack of testosterone in males and estrogen in females.
D) lack of high-quality parenting, including warmth and affection.

Question 28

Compared to White children, which of the following is true of Black children?

A) earlier puberty
B) higher average birth weight
C) more likely to be breastfed
D) less coordinated at an early age

Question 29

Of the following, the biggest differences between boys and girls occur in

A) reading ability.
B) intelligence.
C) physical development.
D) controlling emotions.

Question 30

A study cited in the text found that children whose sleep apneas were surgically corrected experienced ________ performance.

A) improved athletic
B) decreased athletic
C) improved academic
D) decreased academic

Question 31

As children grow from infancy to adolescence, the quality of their diet typically

A) becomes worse.
B) stays about the same.
C) improves.
D) improves until about age 16 when many start to drive, and then worsens.

Question 32

Ideally, children should

A) sleep 6-8 hours per night.
B) be able to wake up without an alarm.
C) sleep longer on the weekends to make up for sleep deprivation during the week.
D) watch television before going to bed to help them sleep.

Question 33

Which is the most prevalent eating disorder?

A) bulimia
B) anorexia nervosa
C) obesity
D) excessive iron intake

Question 34

The cause of SIDS is

A) child neglect.
B) prenatal exposure to alcohol.
C) unknown.
D) sleeping in a way that obstructs nasal passages.

Question 35

What is the leading preventable cause of birth defects?

Question 36

In the U.S., which group of youth is most likely to smoke and drink?

A) Asian
B) Black
C) Latino
D) White

Question 37

Jacob tells his wife that it is safe to drink a beer or glass of wine per day during pregnancy. This advice is

A) accurate.
B) accurate, but only for the last trimester of pregnancy.
C) inaccurate.
D) accurate, but only for the first trimester of pregnancy.

Question 38

Families that are cold and harsh, or in which fathers are absent and mothers are depressed, have a higher incidence of which of the following in girls?

A) accelerated verbal ability
B) infertility
C) accelerated growth
D) accelerated puberty

Question 39

Sleep deprivation is linked with which of the following?

A) lower rates of of ADHD
B) depression
C) reduced sleep apnea
D) improved diet

Question 40

Which of the following is the most accurate statement?

A) Children who begin drug use early, before age 15, tend to also quit early.
B) Early use of drugs, before age 15, is a risk factor for later problems like crime and dropping out.
C) Children who see their parents using drugs tend to see the dangers and avoid using drugs.
D) There is little parents can do to combat peer pressure to use drugs.

Question 41

Is it possible that increased sleep would not improve children's outcomes? Maybe kids who have more troubles in the first place tend to sleep less? Explain.

Question 42

Name one thing that can cause children to experience symptoms of ADHD even though they don't have ADHD.

Question 43

Name two outcomes that are associated with low birth weight.

Question 44

What substance puts girls at risk of bone fracture and osteoporosis?

Question 45

What is cortisol?