Deck 14: Emerging Africa

Question 1

President Daniel arap Moi was replaced by which politician to become president of Kenya?

A)Mwai Kibaki
B)Uhuru Kenyatta
C)Julius Nyerere

Answer 1

Mwai Kibaki

Question 2

All of the following were results of European colonialism in Africa except which?

A)The spread of Islam
B)Systematic underdevelopment and poverty
C)Reliance on export markets

Answer 2

The spread of Islam

Question 3

Which ideology worked to undermine nationalism in Africa?

A)Pan-Islamism
B)Pan-Africanism
C)Isolationism

Answer 3

Pan-Islamism

Question 4

How is neocolonialism best described?

A)It continued Western domination primarily through economic means.
B)It was the use of military force by Western powers to control their former African colonies.
C)It refers to imperialistic expansion in Africa by African countries against their neighbors.

Question 5

One of the most critical issues facing postcolonial Africa was which of the following?

A)That the continent had few, if any, significant economic resources and dividing up regions made this worse.
B)The countries' boundaries had been artificially drawn by the colonial powers and were neither reflective of human geography nor defendable.
C)The continent lacked sufficient population in order to either produce or consume manufactured goods and therefore to support a national economy.

Question 6

Most African leaders looked to which political model for their own future independent states?

A)They accepted the Western model of political organization.
B)They opted for the Soviet model of political organization.
C)They adopted Maoist communism as a model for economic organization, given that, like China, most Africans were peasant farmers.

Question 7

Urban growth in Africa struggles with many problems except which of the following?

A)Restrictive zoning policies
B)Massive squatter settlements
C)Overwhelmed transportation systems

Question 8

Capitalism was successfully established in Kenya for which of the following reasons?

A)The precolonial existence of a substantial middle class
B)Fairly relaxed colonial policies that allowed Kenyan society to remain intact
C)Extensive agricultural and mineral resources in the lowland

Question 9

Most newly independent African states experienced which of the following?

A)They were fortunate in having inherited diverse economies.
B)They inherited colonial economies reliant on the export of a single crop or resource.
C)They were able to build on the widespread industrial base left by the colonial powers.

Question 10

The AIDS virus in Africa has had which effect?

A)It is little threat to the peoples of Africa.
B)It is more of a problem in rural Africa than in the urban areas because of peasant ignorance.
C)It has infected at least 5 percent of the total population of sub-Saharan Africa.

Question 11

African socialism failed in Tanzania for all except which of the following reasons?

A)Resistance by conservative peasants
B)Lack of economic aid from foreign countries
C)Corruption

Question 12

By the late 1960s, which of the following were among the remaining European colonies in Africa?

A)Mozambique and Angola.
B)Zimbabwe and Uganda
C)Ethiopia and Eritrea.

Question 13

Why did European governments grant independence to African colonies later than Asian colonies?

A)Colonialism was more entrenched in Africa-the West had taken possession of that continent long before it had established itself in Asia.
B)In Africa, colonial policies had created fewer obvious candidates for successor states and governments-European colonial rulers thought this meant independence was much further away.
C)Western military power was greater in Africa since it was closer to Europe than was Asia and relied more heavily on African bases-European governments were more unwilling to give these up.

Question 14

The pan-African belief in a distinctive "African personality" includes which of the following planks?

A)All Africans hade encoded within them a distinct culture and personality, no matter where they are.
B)All persons of African heritage, whether forced to migrate or free migrants, should return to their motherland.
C)African political community is built on humanistic values that more allow for individual greatness, compared to capitalism or totalitarian communism.

Question 15

Who was the author of Tanzania's Arusha Declaration of 1967?

A)Julius Nyerere
B)Nelson Mandela
C)Jomo Kenyatta

Question 16

Environmental problems in Africa are primarily which of the following?

A)Drought and desertification of formerly arable land
B)Smog and other industrial pollution
C)A rising water table caused by global warming

Question 17

How are the pluralistic governments established in most African states at the time of independence best described?

A)They led to the creation of successful democracies, despite a few failures.
B)They all adopted capitalist approaches to economic policy because of the European influence.
C)They were hastily arranged and often gave way to military regimes and one-party governments.

Question 18

Which organization was established in Addis Ababa in 1963 to further African continental unity?

A)African National Congress (ANC)
B)Organization of African Unity (OAU)
C)African Economic Community (AEC)

Question 19

African economic growth has been limited by all except which of the following?

A)Excessive water pollution by Africa's successful industrial development
B)The necessity to import technology and manufactured goods from the West
C)The spread of AIDS

Question 20

Which of the following statements about African colonial agriculture is true?

A)European agricultural methods were virtually universally adopted.
B)Most proceeds from agricultural production were reinvested in local populations.
C)Most African colonial subjects grew their crops solely for their own sustenance.

Question 21

The Western colonial presence in Africa resulted in all except which of the following?

A)A fully developed industrial sector throughout the entire continent
B)An improvement in sanitation and medical care for urban elites
C)Little improvement in living conditions for most Africans

Question 22

Which of the following is one of the wealthiest countries in Africa?

A)Ghana because of its gold mines
B)Kenya because of its coffee plantations
C)Nigeria because of its oil reserves

Question 23

In 2006, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf became which of the following?

A)The first woman elected leader of a country on the African continent
B)The first woman executed for violation of Shari'a law
C)The first woman charged by the International Criminal Court for war crimes

Question 24

In colonial southern Africa, voting was limited to whom?

A)To whites only
B)To Black Africans if they had achieved a high school degree, which of course limited their numbers
C)To whites only, except in Cape Colony where so-called mixed-race persons could also vote

Question 25

Who was the first president of post-apartheid South Africa?

A)F. W. de Klerk
B)Nelson Mandela
C)Mangosuthu Buthelezi

Question 26

Which of the following is a significant source of foreign investment for many African states?

A)Grants-in-aid given by Brazil and India
B)Infrastructure development funding through China's Belt and Road Initiative
C)U.S. and European microloans to African women

Question 27

What is "pan-Africanism," and why is it significant?

Question 28

How did colonialism prevent economic development in African colonies?

Question 29

Why did so many African states inherit quickly growing populations after independence?

Question 30

What was apartheid?

Question 31

In today's African society, which of the following is true?

A)African intellectuals have satisfactorily addressed the issues posed by the negative consequences of colonialism and the challenges faced in postcoloniality.
B)African intellectuals are engaged in an effort to reshape African identities while responding to the benefits and detriments of living in a connected world.
C)African intellectuals are largely turning their back on the outside world, instead focusing on developing better relations between African states and societies.

Question 32

In the 1990s, a violent conflict between the minority Tutsis and the Hutu majority occurred in which states?

A)Zimbabwe and Uganda
B)Rwanda and Ethiopia
C)Rwanda and Burundi

Question 33

The 2000 Millennium Declaration sought to achieve which of the following?

A)Reduce poverty and illiteracy worldwide by 2015
B)Remove the last vestiges of neocolonialism from Africa
C)Revive traditional African culture through education

Question 34

Which two leaders finally ended the apartheid regime without major bloodshed in South Africa?

A)Francis Malan and Jomo Kenyatta
B)F. W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela
C)P. J. Surhoff and Thabo Mbeki

Question 35

Which of the following best describes South African development in the 1990s?

A)The black minority achieved equal rights as the result of a successful revolution.
B)The white majority granted economic equality to the nation's black population but retained some privileges.
C)Apartheid was abolished and nonwhites achieved political and social equality in the eyes of the law.

Question 36

All of the following are correct about African women's experiences except which?

A)Women are not typically treated as full political and social equals.
B)Women are far more active in commerce than men and dominate most trades.
C)Women living in cities experience much different lives than those living in rural areas.

Question 37

What is ethnicity?

Question 38

Because of the lack of funding and a lack of teachers, illiteracy in Africa's population is at what level?

A)25 percent
B)40 percent
C)55 percent

Question 39

How did colonialism prevent political development in African colonies?

Question 40

In recent decades, Nigeria has experienced all except which of the following?

A)Widespread prosperity because of its great natural resources
B)Tension between Christians and Muslims
C)Struggles over land between pastoralists and farmers

Question 41

What benefits did rapid urbanization have for independent African states? What problems did it compound? What were the results?

Question 42

When political organizations demanding rights for Africans first began in earnest?

A)In the late nineteenth century
B)Immediately before World War I
C)After World War I

Question 43

Describe the problems faced by newly independent African states. How responsible were colonial policies for these problems? What results did these problems have?

Question 44

What was the cause of the Rwandan genocide?

Question 45

What was the Arusha Declaration, and why was it significant?

Question 46

Describe the composition and goals of early anticolonial resistance organizations. What motivated them to organize, and what successes did they have?

Question 47

What effect has HIV/AIDS had on African states?

Question 48

What are the aims of African feminist movements?

Question 49

Why was France so committed to winning the Algerian war of independence? What results did this have in Algerian and in France?

Question 50

What are the main themes of Chinua Achebe's work?

Question 51

What did South Africa's 1996 constitution entail?

Question 52

How does class affect women's lived experience in Africa?

Question 53

From where do Africans receive substantial foreign investment?

Question 54

How are most political organizations demanding rights for Africans during colonialism best described?

A)They were headed by Western-educated Africans who believed in nonviolent change.
B)They were committed to using violent means to achieve their goals.
C)They were led by paternalistic Europeans who saw Africans as children to be led and guided.

Question 55

What was a Bantustan?

Question 56

To what extent does religious difference produce conflict across Africa?

Question 57

How has Islamic extremism influenced Nigerian politics?

Question 58

Why is economic migration increasing in Africa?

Question 59

Why is economic inequality such a problem in Kenya?

Question 60

How has oil influenced Nigeria's political history?

Question 61

What problems and advantages do Kenya and Tanzania share? How are the postcolonial experiences of these two countries different?

Question 62

How has oil helped Nigerian political, economic, and social development? It what ways has oil harmed it?

Question 63

Which French colony fought a violent campaign for independence in the 1950s, finally achieving it in 1962?

A)Morocco
B)Algeria
C)Tunisia

Question 64

How did apartheid end in South Africa? Who were the most significant figures in that effort, and how did South Africa transition from apartheid to post-apartheid state?

Question 65

How did the British respond to the Mau Mau revolt?

A)Systematic internment, torture, execution, and counterinsurgency operations against the Kikuyu
B)Massive aerial bombing campaigns designed to destroy the Mau Mau leadership
C)Negotiations with Mau Mau leadership to reach a settlement to stop the violence

Question 66

How has African literature served as an important vehicle for social and political critique? What messages and themes are most common?

Question 67

Early African nationalist activities included which of the following?

A)Creation of the Kikuyu Central Association in Kenya
B)Founding of the Zanzibar People's Collective by Mohandas Gandhi
C)Establishment of the Assimilation Party by Sékou Touré in Ethiopia

Question 68

To what extent are African states still dependent on foreign capital for their own development? How have the sources of capital changed over the twentieth century? How accurate is it to say that these new sources are also imperialists?

Question 69

Which was a most important factor in the perpetration of the Rwandan genocide, ethnic tensions or unaccountable military rule? Why?

Question 70

What factors are most significantly contributing to African migration within Africa and to places outside of Africa?

Question 71

How has the role and status of women in African societies changed from decolonization to the present day? Why?

Question 72

All of the following are true of the ANC except which?

A)It was originally led by Western-inclined intellectuals who had little popular support.
B)It was initially aimed at achieving full equality for the educated black population through peaceful means.
C)Its policies met with cooperative reactions from the white majority who held power.