Deck 34: Advanced Industrial Society

Question 1

The one thing that people seemed to fear most about unionization was that

A) ordinary working-class people would have more power than ever before, and most had little, if any, education.
B) Marxism had taken hold in several countries and were threatening to take control of labor unions.
C) the lower class working people would become convinced that they were the social equals of property holders and aristocrats.
D) they would come under communist domination.
E) union members would become violent if their demands were not met.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

During the Second Industrial Revolution, the split between middle-class liberals and the workers occurred in part because

A) the liberals sought to improve both working conditions and the social aspect of society.
B) the workers moved in a revolutionary direction that frightened the liberals.
C) the conservatives continued to court the liberals, hoping to make a strong alliance against the workers.
D) the lives of working-class liberals improved so much that they no longer wanted to foment revolution.
E) the liberals, liberal though they were, became concerned that the workers were entering a revolutionary period that was so revolutionary that it might cut into their profits.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A British movement in the 1840s which pioneered efforts at social and labor reform was that of the

A) Chartists.
B) Syndicalists.
C) Labour Party.
D) Luddites.
E) Revisionists.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Labor unions were first legalized by this country in the 1870s:

A) England
B) France
C) Germany
D) Portugal
E) the United States

Question 5

In steel and iron production, the British lost their position of leadership and fell behind

A) Russia.
B) France.
C) Germany.
D) the Dutch.
E) Belgium.

Question 6

Discuss the evolution of labor unions and the effects they had upon politics, social conditions, and mass democracy. Cite examples from various countries.

Question 7

Joint stock companies of the late 19^th century brought about, most significantly,

A) labor participation in management.
B) separation of ownership and management.
C) short-term borrowing for expansion.
D) hospitalization insurance benefits.
E) a new need for business insurance.

Question 8

A most surprising change that took place during the Second Industrial Revolution was

A) German domination in research and development.
B) the American domination of the petroleum industry.
C) the growth of the automobile industry.
D) the entrance of France into competition with England and Germany.
E) the number of new discoveries that came out of the massive amounts of research being done.

Question 9

To what degree were urban areas transformed by the Second Industrial Revolution? Give examples.

Question 10

Compare and contrast early Marxism to late 19^th century Anarchism and Syndicalism. What were the strengths and weaknesses of the respective ideologies?

Question 11

Of these late 19^th century developments, the one which most improved the daily lives of the average population was

A) the internal combustion engine.
B) the application of electrical power.
C) the steam locomotive.
D) the opening of the Suez Canal.
E) the transcontinental railroad in America.

Question 12

Explain how the development of new energy sources and a social realignment combined to shape the Second Industrial Revolution.

Question 13

Which of the following was true of early unionism?

A) All unions began as socialist organizations.
B) Marxist revolutionary socialists became leaders of the labor movement in most European countries.
C) American unions were never heavily influenced by Marxism.
D) By World War II, relations between unions and management had improved somewhat.
E) Employers generally accepted the inevitability of union development.

Question 14

Explain the essence of original Marxist Theory. What was the initial reaction to it?

Question 15

The growth of labor unions and the implementation of better working conditions in England owed a debt of gratitude to

A) the threat of Marxism that made Parliament amend laws and individual businessmen show more concern for their workers.
B) the example set by unions and management in the United States.
C) the urbanization and education of more people in various countries, of which England wanted to prove itself most liberal.
D) those individuals who, risking their jobs and in some cases their lives, were willing to work toward gaining legal acceptance of labor unions throughout Europe.
E) the Chartist movement in England.

Question 16

Analyze Revisionism. What impact did it have on the European scene?

Question 17

The most dramatic changes in European population during the 19^th century occurred in

A) suburbs.
B) urban areas.
C) coastal villages.
D) river valleys.
E) farming areas.

Question 18

Among the last European countries to grant universal suffrage to all males were

A) Italy and Germany.
B) Hungary and Austria.
C) Germany and Prussia.
D) Germany and Austria.
E) Russia and Hungary.

Question 19

The Second Industrial Revolution was mainly propelled by

A) coal and steam.
B) petroleum and electricity.
C) railroads.
D) mass production.
E) private-partnership arrangements.

Question 20

One example of the rise in consumer goods in Europe during the late 1800s was

A) the telephone.
B) ready-made clothing.
C) the bicycle.
D) pipe smoking.
E) the phonograph.

Question 21

Edward Bernstein was one of the earliest theorists to predict

A) the Social Democratic party in Germany would take control of the government legally.
B) Marx would revise his theories before he died.
C) all countries would soon become Socialist states.
D) capitalism would prevail in most European countries.
E) the Social Democratic party would be outlawed throughout Europe.

Question 22

The thing that socialists throughout Europe shared by the end of the 19^th century was

A) the push for unionization.
B) an attempt to force businesses to share profits with their workers.
C) their demand for social and economic changes that would restructure the existing social-economic sphere.
D) a hatred of all communists.
E) the desire to see children removed from the workforce.

Question 23

____________________ became the global leader in the search for sources of oil and of its production.

Question 24

The main reason for the overall failure of the 1848 revolts was

A) the use of the military to crush the revolts.
B) the disapproval of church authorities.
C) the unconcern of many people living in the countryside.
D) national antagonisms.
E) the split between liberal leaders and urban workers.

Question 25

The First International collapsed after just a few years, divided by

A) differing belief systems.
B) Marx's stubborn streak that would not allow others to hold beliefs that diverged from his.
C) the split between Marx and Engels over how the revolution of the proletariat should be accomplished.
D) the agreement with, or divergence from, Marx's theories espoused in Das Capital .
E) disagreements over whether a true revolution of all the oppressed peoples was really necessary.

Question 26

It is one of the great ironies of history that

A) by the time socialism had taken hold n a few European countries, more people had emigrated from those countries than from the others.
B) Italians coming to America to escape religious persecution had difficulties in trying to find places to worship.
C) as more Europeans left the continent for the United States, working conditions actually improved in Europe.
D) by coming to America from various countries and cultures, European immigrants intermarried freely and so began to lose their cultural distinctiveness.
E) a large percentage of those leaving Europe during the latter part of the 19^th century were Jews fleeing persecution from Russians whose descendants would one day be among the first to discover Germany extermination camps where the Jews were killed en masse.

Question 27

Syndicalists believed that

A) small groups, or syndicates, of wealthy people controlled the economic life of their individual countries.
B) the best government was the one that governed the least and passed the fewest laws.
C) people should not be ruled by any government at all, because all governments eventually become corrupt.
D) private property should be outlawed.
E) only peasants and owners should comprise a country's government, because they were the only ones making a significant contribution to society.

Question 28

Marx's major analytical work on 19^th century society was called ____________________ ____________________.

Question 29

Karl Marx's lifelong collaborator was

A) Michael Bakunin.
B) Pierre Proudhon.
C) Friedrich Engels.
D) Eduard Bernstein.
E) Jenny Marx.

Question 30

The German engineers, ____________________ and ____________________, are credited with the practical development of the automobile.

Question 31

During the mid-1800s, Michael Bakunin developed what he called the "propaganda of the deed," which held that

A) workers, if necessary, should be willing to do whatever it took to obtain concessions from factory owners.
B) the best and quickest way to draw people to anarchism was to provide a violent, dramatic act or acts to cause governments to tumble.
C) syndicalism could gain many converts if syndicalists were willing to help workers in times of personal crises.
D) governments always used propaganda to get ordinary citizens to perform the less desirable deeds, or jobs, within a society.
E) deeds of political terror were acceptable, as long as they were not used for purposes of propaganda.

Question 32

The large amounts of capital needed for business expansion during the Second Industrial Age were effectively raised by ____________________ ____________________ companies.

Question 33

At the beginning of the 20^th century, the Labour Party became an important force in

A) the United States.
B) Britain.
C) Spain.
D) France.
E) Germany.

Question 34

Marx predicted that the abuses of capitalism would lead to

A) socialism.
B) anarchism.
C) communism.
D) a new caste system.
E) a rejection of industrialization.

Question 35

According to Marx, the revolt of the proletariat was

A) avoidable if the wealthy would negotiate in good faith.
B) desirable, because only through their own efforts and struggles would the proletariat appreciate the fruits of their labors.
C) imminent, and it could start at any moment, in any country.
D) hopeless, but that did not mean that they could stop trying to make things better.
E) inevitable, and he expected that it might well occur while he was alive.

Question 36

A complete rejection of the state and its powers is called

A) anarchism.
B) syndicalism.
C) communism.
D) socialism.
E) syncretism.

Question 37

The underlying motives of the majority of the 60 million Europeans who emigrated during the 19^th century appear to have been

A) economic.
B) political.
C) religious.
D) ethnic.
E) legal.

Question 38

During the early 1900s, revisionists attempted to

A) turn back the clock to a time before industrialization occurred.
B) introduce reforms through parliamentary acts rather than revolution.
C) re-write the story of the development of Marxism.
D) undermine the teachings of Karl Marx through censorship.
E) convince urban laborers that Marxism was their only hope.

Question 39

The event that set off the massive immigration to the United States from Europe was

A) the Franco-Prussian War.
B) the Napoleonic War.
C) the Panic of 1857.
D) the revolts of 1848.
E) the establishment of the German Empire.

Question 40

During the ten-year period just prior to World War I, about how many people emigrated from Europe to other countries?

A) 6 million
B) 20 million
C) 500,000
D) 12 million
E) 1 million

Question 41

Incredibly, Germany's ____________________ and ____________________ production was almost double that of Britain by 1914.

Question 42

According to Marx, once the proletariat obtained political power, a/an ____________________ would need to be established.

Question 43

Marx insisted that his brand of socialism differed from utopian socialism in that it was ____________________.

Question 44

Anarchism is basically a total rejection of ____________________.

Question 45

The development of ____________________ and ____________________ finally made electricity useful.

Question 46

The Chartist movement in ____________________ failed in the short term but saw their goals realized over time.