Deck 10: Basic Human Physiology

Question 1

The neurotransmitters in different portions of the nervous system throughout the body are the same.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The first stage of the general adaptation syndrome is the ____ stage.

A) alarm
B) resistance
C) distress
D) eustress

Answer 2

alarm

Question 3

____ is an abnormal increase in the number of cells due to frequent cell division/reproduction which causes the tissue or organ to increase in size.

A) Hypotrophy
B) Hypoplasia
C) Hypertrophy
D) Hyperplasia

Answer 3

Hyperplasia

Question 4

Malignant tumors are not always cancerous.

Question 5

____ is the replacement of one adult cell type with another type of adult cell.

A) Apoptosis
B) Metaplasia
C) Pyknosis
D) Karyolysis

Question 6

The study of the body's functions, in its normal human condition, is called ____.

A) anatomy
B) biology
C) ecology
D) physiology

Question 7

In some instances (e.g., cervical cancer), the presence of dysplasia is an early warning of future malignancy.

Question 8

The process of maintaining an internal equilibrium is known as ____.

A) homeostasis
B) enantiostasis
C) homeopathic
D) allostasis

Question 9

The surgical removal of a portion of the liver is done in a procedure called a ____.

A) splenectomy
B) hepatectomy
C) laparotomy
D) colectomy

Question 10

If too much heat builds up in the body's core, a condition called hyperthermia, then the cell walls become more fluid-like and cannot maintain their integrity.

Question 11

Cells live in a highly volatile environment where changes in conditions, such as acidity or temperature, are constant even as the body strives to maintain homeostasis.

Question 12

Nicotinic receptors are found in the central and peripheral nervous system as well as the neuromuscular junction with skeletal muscles.

Question 13

____ fluid is the fluid between cells.

A) Intracellular
B) Anatomia
C) Interstitial
D) Intravascular

Question 14

The process of planned cell death, called ____, is controlled by genes in the nucleus and involves a systematic disassembly of the cell.

A) pyknosis
B) metaplasia
C) apoptosis
D) senescent

Question 15

Beta₁ adrenergic receptors act upon the smooth muscles found in the bronchial walls, the level of the terminal bronchioles, and cause bronchodilation.

Question 16

____ is an increase in either the weight or functional capacity of a tissue or organ beyond what is normal.

A) Hypotrophy
B) Distension
C) Hypertrophy
D) Hyperplasia

Question 17

Neurons physically contact the organs that they innervate.

Question 18

When glucose is abundant, such as after a meal of carbohydrates, any glucose that is not needed immediately by the body is stored in the liver and muscles as a dual molecule called ____.

A) lysine
B) glycogen
C) sucrose
D) peptidoglycan

Question 19

Anatomy studies the physical, mechanical, and biochemical processes that go on inside the body every day.

Question 20

Atrophy is the reduction of cells.

Question 21

A physical loss of cells as a result of the normal changes of aging or simple disuse is considered ____________________, a natural development of cells.

Question 22

When a fluid has less water and more salt (electrolytes), then the solution is called ____________________.

Question 23

Stimulation of alpha₁ receptors results in constriction of the precapillary sphincters of the peripheral vascular bed, resulting in a displacement of blood volume to the core circulation, a phenomenon known as ____________________.

Question 24

When there are too many new, or immature, cells that are not functional then ____________________ has occurred.

Question 25

To survive and thrive (i.e., to be healthy), cells need an environment, a(n) ____________________, that has (1) water, the most abundant substance in the body; (2) food stuffs, in the form of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids; and (3) oxygen.