Deck 11: Principles of Pathophysiology

Question 1

A person's race may be a risk factor, especially in cases of infectious disease.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Paramedics use the findings of the two "mortis" to help confirm biological death.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Sebaceous glands excrete acidic (pH 3-5) secretions-lactic acid and fatty acids-which act as a biochemical barrier and create a hostile environment for fungi and bacteria.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Iatrogenic disease only involves infections.

Question 5

Decompensated shock is the first-stage of a series of cumulative physiologic derangements typically involving one organ system that goes on to affect the entire body.

Question 6

Reactive oxygen chemicals consist of an electrically charged atom with an unpaired electron.

Question 7

Recovery means that the patient is unchanged from his or her previous condition.

Question 8

The "Black Death" is one example of a known cause of cellular death.

Question 9

The presences of the three mortis, as well as the signs of clinical death, are often felt to be sufficient to withhold resuscitative efforts.

Question 10

Putrefaction starts between 36 and 48 hours after clinical death.

Question 11

There is a physiological cause for every illness or disorder that the Paramedic encounters.

Question 12

Chemical causes of cellular injury can be divided into hypoxia (the leading cause of cell injury and death), free oxygen radicals, and toxins, which include poisons.

Question 13

The cause of the "Black Death" has now been identified as a coronavirus, the same type of virus that causes the common cold.

Question 14

Biological death is associated with irreversibility, meaning that any resuscitative efforts would be futile.

Question 15

Often the Paramedic's treatment reverses the pathogenesis of an illness or disorder.

Question 16

Infectious diseases, referred to in medical circles as pathogens, stem from a number of sources.

Question 17

Typically, the cause of an emergent disease is unknown until scientists have a sufficient number of cases to study so as to identify the source.

Question 18

Gasses such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen are not dissolved in blood.

Question 19

When the body has undergone putrefaction, it is assumed that the patient is dead.

Question 20

Barotrauma is restricted to diving incidents.

Question 21

The ____ of a disease is the number of new cases per standardized group per time.

A) incidence
B) ratio
C) spread
D) risk

Question 22

____ death is characterized by unresponsiveness to loud verbal and painful stimuli, absence of breathing, and an absence of a central pulse.

A) Biological
B) Clinical
C) Somatic
D) Incidental

Question 23

____ necrosis permits the dead cells to act as a scaffolding for other tissue, but the tissue no longer functions.

A) Coagulative
B) Acidic
C) Lipid
D) Liquefactive

Question 24

A low hematocrit, or other red blood cell abnormality, can lead to oxygen deprivation at the cellular level called ____.

A) ACLS hypoxia
B) histoxic hypoxia
C) ischemic hypoxia
D) anemic hypoxia

Question 25

____ are proteins that are produced by bacteria and released into the interstitial fluid where they are absorbed, because they are highly soluble, into surrounding cells.

A) Endotoxins
B) Mycotoxins
C) Amatoxins
D) Exotoxins

Question 26

____ mortis is the body's natural cooling.

A) Livor
B) Rigor
C) Algor
D) Pallor

Question 27

____ causes include chemical causes, physical causes, infection/inflammation, and metabolic imbalances.

A) Intrinsic
B) Extrinsic
C) Internal
D) External

Question 28

____ mortis is a condition caused by relaxation of the vascular bed and a pooling of blood in dependant portions of the body.

A) Livor
B) Algor
C) Rigor
D) Pallor

Question 29

____ deals with the study of the causes, distribution, and control of disease in populations.

A) Epidemiology
B) Biostatistics
C) Psychology
D) Physiology

Question 30

____ disease is a previously known cause of disease that was introduced to the patient as a result of medical intervention.

A) Proactive
B) Compound
C) Iatrogenic
D) Reactive

Question 31

____ encompasses any mechanical injury, heat or cold injury, radiation, electrical injury, or barotrauma.

A) Distress
B) Trauma
C) Shock
D) Suffering

Question 32

____ are the by-products of drugs and chemicals after the cell has reacted with them.

A) Metabolites
B) Electrolytes
C) Reactants
D) Products

Question 33

____ can be defined as an abnormal change in the function of cells, tissues, or organs.

A) Injury
B) Affliction
C) Malady
D) Disease

Question 34

The expected outcome from a disease is called the ____.

A) diagnosis
B) pathogenesis
C) mortality
D) prognosis

Question 35

The inability of the cells to accept or use oxygen, such as in cyanide poisoning, is called ____.

A) ACLS hypoxia
B) histoxic hypoxia
C) ischemic hypoxia
D) anemic hypoxia

Question 36

____ death is the death of the organism.

A) Biological
B) Somatic
C) Clinical
D) Incidental

Question 37

Paramedics are often interested in the ____ of a disease, the sequence of events-at the molecular and cellular level-that lead to organ dysfunction.

A) homeostasis
B) pathology
C) pathogenesis
D) biology

Question 38

____ is the study of the causes of suffering in the normal human condition.

A) Pathophysiology
B) Anatomy
C) Physiology
D) Anthropology

Question 39

____ is a process of decomposition within the body characterized by greenish discoloration, secondary to hemolysis of blood, and slippage of the skin from the skeleton, due to breakdown of subcutaneous fat.

A) Fermentation
B) Maceration
C) Liquefaction
D) Putrefaction

Question 40

____ is a condition in which the protein products of muscle breakdown clog the kidneys.

A) Hydronephrosis
B) Glomerulonephritis
C) Myoglobulinuria
D) Dysplasia

Question 41

In some cases, after a person has become diseased, the body's defense, or medical treatment, may force the disease into a non-active state called ____________________.

Question 42

Changes in the cell wall membrane are called ____________________ and have the appearance of bubble wrap commonly used for packing.

Question 43

____________________ is physical damage to tissues, an injury caused by an imbalance between pressures in the environment and those within the body.

Question 44

All diseases have an assumed origin, a(n) ____________________.

Question 45

____________________ produce chemical effects which are similar to histamine and help to prolong the inflammation, if necessary.

Question 46

In rigor mortis, muscles stiffen following ____________________ from acid buildup in the tissues that interferes with the release of the contractile protein actin from myosin.

Question 47

Of the three general chemical causes of cellular injury, ____________________ is ranked number one and receives the largest portion of a Paramedic's attention.

Question 48

The definition of a(n) ____________________ is any substance capable of causing cell injury and death, and that includes poisons.

Question 49

The physical cause of cellular injury is ____________________.

Question 50

____________________ is the likelihood that a situation could lead to harm.