Deck 4: Spinal Trauma

Question 1

____, the leading cause of spinal cord injury, account for an estimated 42% of all spinal cord injuries.

A) Assaults
B) Motor vehicle crashes
C) Falls
D) Sports

Answer 1

Motor vehicle crashes

Question 2

Of the three spinothalamic tracts, the ____ tract transmits light touch only.

A) frontal
B) anterior
C) dorsal
D) lateral

Answer 2

anterior

Question 3

A patient with a high cervical injury may lose the ability to control the diaphragm, the intercostal muscles, or both.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Of the three spinothalamic spinal tracts, the ____ tract transmits pain and temperature.

A) frontal
B) lateral
C) dorsal
D) anterior

Question 5

The descending, or ____ tract (from the cortex to the spine), is found in the anterior portion of the spinal cord.

A) spinovascular
B) corticospinal
C) spinothalamic
D) cardiospinal

Question 6

The ascending sensory nerve tract, called the ____ tract (from the spine to the thalamus), transmits sensations such as touch or proprioception to the thalamus.

A) neurospinal
B) corticospinal
C) spinothalamic
D) spinocortico

Question 7

The spinal cord is the portion of the central nervous system that carries continuous messages from the brain to the rest of the body and back.

Question 8

The Centers for Disease Control recommends that all patients with paralysis be transported to a trauma center based on the availability of specialists to treat this injury.

Question 9

Paramedics should perform an examination before making an assessment whether or not to treat for a spinal cord injury.

Question 10

The body goes through four stages or phases of spinal shock.

Question 11

Spinal cord injury is generally considered a condition associated with ____.

A) young females
B) older females
C) young males
D) older males

Question 12

Usually just one vector of energy is applied to the body at the time of an injury.

Question 13

There are several methods of repairing spinal cord injury.

Question 14

_ ___ describes a thoracic or lumbar spinal cord injury that limits or eliminates motor control and sensation in the lower extremities.

A) Tetraplegia
B) Paraplegia
C) Quadriplegia
D) Semiplegia

Question 15

The spinal cord consists of white matter and ____ matter.

A) red
B) black
C) gray
D) yellow

Question 16

Vertebral body fractures are more common than spinal cord injuries.

Question 17

Of the three spinothalamic tracts, the ____ column transmits light touch and proprioception.

A) lateral
B) dorsal
C) anterior
D) frontal

Question 18

____ is defined as loss of sensation and motor control in the arms and legs as well as the torso after an injury in the cervical spine region.

A) Incomplete tetraplegia
B) Incomplete paraplegia
C) Complete tetraplegia
D) Complete paraplegia

Question 19

A healthy person who trips and falls while running at full speed is likely to sustain an injury to their spinal cord.

Question 20

All populations are at equal risk of suffering spinal cord injury.

Question 21

A spinal cord ____ is described as a temporary reduction in motor and sensation functions without any structural damage to the cord itself.

A) concussion
B) dislocation
C) subluxation
D) herniation

Question 22

____ is a partial transection of the cord which reduces position sense and motor control on the side with the injury and reduces pain and temperature sense on the other side.

A) Conus medullaris syndrome
B) Brown-Sequard syndrome
C) Central cord syndrome
D) Anterior cord syndrome

Question 23

The spine moves with ____ when it bends forward, such as when touching the chin to the chest or bending to touch the toes.

A) rotation
B) extension
C) flexion
D) distraction

Question 24

During a ____ injury, the cervical spine may rotate to the left as it is being extended during a motor vehicle crash or a gymnast may flex her head as she compresses her spine.

A) distraction
B) combination
C) penetration
D) flexation

Question 25

____ are areas of the body innervated by specific spinal nerves (nerves that leave the spinal cord).

A) Foramen
B) Dermatomes
C) Vertebrae
D) Lamina

Question 26

____ shock is not localized, instead it is a systemic manifestation of spinal cord injury.

A) Hypovolemic
B) Spinal
C) Neurogenic
D) Obstructive

Question 27

____ injuries occur when the cord is stretched beyond its normal length.

A) Compression
B) Distraction
C) Rotational
D) Flexion

Question 28

____ shock is the loss of motor control and sensation below the injury site.

A) Cardiogenic
B) Neurogenic
C) Spinal
D) Septic

Question 29

The spine moves with ____ when it bends backward, such as when a person looks above or intentionally stretches backwards.

A) distraction
B) extension
C) rotation
D) flexion

Question 30

A ____ disc occurs when the center pushes its way out of the perimeter.

A) transected
B) herniated
C) subluxated
D) dislocated

Question 31

____ can occur at any level and will eliminate the transmission and reception of all messages below the area of the insult.

A) Conus medullaris syndrome
B) Complete cord transection
C) Anterior cord syndrome
D) Central cord syndrome

Question 32

____ is characterized by an altered mental status secondary to traumatic brain injury and incontinence associated with sacral cord injury.

A) Brown-Sequard syndrome
B) Central cord syndrome
C) Conus medullaris syndrome
D) Spinal cord concussion

Question 33

The spine moves in circular motion along the longitudinal axis. ____ injuries can be caused by a blow to the chin, which causes the sudden movement of the spinal column.

A) Compression
B) Distraction
C) Rotational
D) Extension

Question 34

____ injuries (also referred to as axial loading) occur when force is applied directly to the long axis of the spine.

A) Compression
B) Distraction
C) Extension
D) Flexion

Question 35

____ is a painful sustained erection without apparent stimulation, and may be an indication of sacral nerve injury.

A) Hygroma
B) Priapism
C) Coup
D) Hippus