Deck 2: Traumatic Brain Injury

Question 1

____ occurs as a result of the rapid acceleration-deceleration of the brain within the skull.

A) Supratentorial herniation
B) Diffuse axonal injury
C) Cerebral laceration
D) Uncal herniation

Answer 1

Diffuse axonal injury

Question 2

Patients greater than 75 years of age are at greater risk for a subdural hygroma that is secondary to brain atrophy.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Pupillary reaction is a function of the third cranial nerve.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

____ hemorrhage, also called intraparenchymal bleeding, is bleeding that occurs within the brain's soft tissues.

A) Extracerebral
B) Noncerebral
C) Subcerebral
D) Intracerebral

Question 5

The signs and symptoms associated with a concussion include a loss of consciousness, especially if it is a witnessed loss of consciousness of greater than ____.

A) 10 seconds
B) 15 seconds
C) 20 seconds
D) 30 seconds

Question 6

Patients with cerebral contusions to the temporal lobe may have disorganized and incoherent speech.

Question 7

The most deadly cause of traumatic brain injury is use of a firearm.

Question 8

A ____ brain injury is defined as damage secondary to extracranial etiology that impairs brain function.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary

Question 9

A ____ brain injury is defined as damage that occurs at the time of the trauma.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quinary

Question 10

During events causing cerebral contusion, the brain often rebounds, causing the opposite brain surface to strike the inner surface of the skull, causing a ____ injury.

A) laceration
B) coup
C) contrecoup
D) herniation

Question 11

Patients with cerebral contusions to the ____ lobe have a presentation that includes disturbances of hearing and perception.

A) upper frontal lobe
B) lower frontal lobe
C) temporal
D) rear frontal lobe

Question 12

The rapid trauma examination is performed toe-to-head.

Question 13

The use of Mannitol, a hypertonic simple sugar, is supported in the prehospital setting by the Brain Trauma Foundation.

Question 14

Among teenagers and young adults, traumatic brain injuries are primarily a result of motor vehicle collisions and assaults.

Question 15

The brain is surrounded by a tough and relatively inelastic membrane.

Question 16

Experts agree that loss of consciousness should be the clinical marker for a concussion.

Question 17

The ____ is the area where the cerebral cortex connects with the thalamus and the brainstem.

A) corpus callosum
B) basal ganglia
C) hypothalamus
D) hippocampus

Question 18

Cerebral contusions do not often occur in motor vehicle collisions.

Question 19

A second concussion immediately following an initial concussion, within days or weeks, is referred to as ____ syndrome.

A) cascading edema
B) second impact
C) double concussion
D) secondary contusion

Question 20

Around ____ of patients with a cerebral contusion experience loss of consciousness.

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 90%

Question 21

A lucid ____ occurs when the patient is rendered unconscious, then regains consciousness, only to deteriorate into unconsciousness again.

A) competition
B) interval
C) spiral
D) contusion

Question 22

The combination of subdural hematoma and diffusional axonal injury that occurs during an infant assault is called ____ syndrome.

A) shaken baby
B) fetal acceleration
C) countercoup
D) infant coup

Question 23

The ____ effect occurs when pressure builds up in one compartment of the brain, due to an expanding hematoma or other space-occupying lesion, and that compartment compresses the other compartments.

A) field
B) cingulation
C) volume
D) mass

Question 24

Typically, 80% of skull volume is composed of ____.

A) red blood cells
B) nervous tissue
C) spinal fluid
D) white blood cells

Question 25

Injury to the frontal lobe is most likely to cause disturbances in ____.

A) hearing
B) speech
C) emotional control
D) perception

Question 26

A(n) ____ herniation is herniation of the brain through an open fracture.

A) transcalvarial
B) uncal
C) cingulated
D) tonsillar

Question 27

____ is described as periods of hyperpnea followed by periods of apnea.

A) Biot's breathing
B) Central neurogenic hyperventilation
C) Apneustic breathing
D) Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Question 28

Following the mental status exam, the pupils should be examined for the "three S's": size, shape, and ____.

A) sense
B) span
C) symmetry
D) sight

Question 29

Intracranial bleeding above the dura mater creates a(n) ____.

A) subdural hygroma
B) subdural hematoma
C) epidural hematoma
D) supratentorial herniation

Question 30

The "M" in the mnemonic SAMPLE stands for ____.

A) medications
B) mediation
C) maximums
D) management

Question 31

During ____, the entire body is paralyzed with the exception of the eyes.

A) locked-in syndrome
B) Cushing's triad
C) akinetic mutism
D) contrecoup injury

Question 32

A(n) ____ is a rapidly expanding collection of blood into an organized clot that exerts downward pressure onto the cerebral cortex and increases intracranial pressure in the process.

A) central herniation
B) epidural hematoma
C) subdural hematoma
D) uncal herniation

Question 33

A ____ is an extracerebral hemorrhage of the small corticomeningeal blood vessels within the arachnoid space.

A) subdural hygroma
B) traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage
C) subdural hematoma
D) supratentorial herniation

Question 34

During a(n) ____ herniation, increasing intracranial pressure exerts a force upon the diencephalon, thalamus, and hypothalamus, as well as the temporal lobes.

A) central
B) uncal
C) cingulated
D) infratentorial

Question 35

____ is demonstrated by adduct of the shoulders, as the shoulders rotate internally with slight flexion while the forearms pronate and wrist and fingers flex.

A) Extensor posturing
B) Flexor posturing
C) Decerebrate rigidity
D) Decorticate rigidity