Deck 11: Trauma Resuscitation

Question 1

____ impair ventilation by not allowing that section of the lung to expand and contract normally.

A) Hemothoraxes
B) Pulmonary contusions
C) Pneumothoraxes
D) Hemorrhages

Answer 1

Pulmonary contusions

Question 2

____ is defined as inadequate oxygenation of the end organs and tissues and is independent of the patient's blood pressure and other physiologic parameters.

A) Hypoxia
B) Shock
C) Trauma
D) Hyperfusion

Answer 2

Shock

Question 3

____, located in the carotid bodies and aortic arch, sense the blood pressure in the central arterial vessels by sensing the stretch in the arterial wall at these locations.

A) Baroreceptors
B) Alphareceptors
C) Neurotransmitters
D) Chemotransmitters

Answer 3

Baroreceptors

Question 4

In a small number of patients with a spinal cord injury or massive head injury, ____ may be required in order to decrease vascular volume and support the blood pressure.

A) vasopressors
B) bronchodilators
C) corticosteroids
D) benzodiazepines

Question 5

The vasopressor of choice used to raise blood pressure to an adequate level in the case of neurogenic shock is either norepinephrine or phenylephrine.

Question 6

____, the movement of air in and out of the lungs, is integral to the introduction of oxygen into the body and the removal of carbon dioxide.

A) Circulation
B) Ventilation
C) Oxygenation
D) Perfusion

Question 7

Cardiac output increases in hemorrhagic shock due to an increase in stroke volume.

Question 8

Which of the following computations is used to calculate mean arterial blood pressure?

A) Mean Arterial Pressure = (Cardiac Output * Systemic Vascular Resistance) + Central Venous Pressure
B) Mean Arterial Pressure = (Cardiac Output \ Systemic Vascular Resistance) + Central Venous Pressure
C) Mean Arterial Pressure = (Cardiac Output \ Central Venous Pressure) + Systemic Vascular Resistance
D) Mean Arterial Pressure = (Cardiac Output * Central Venous Pressure) + Systemic Vascular Resistance

Question 9

Scalp wounds are notorious for profuse bleeding.

Question 10

Cardiac output is directly affected by the stroke volume, when the stroke volume ____, the cardiac output ____.

A) decreases, decreases
B) stops, increases
C) increases, decreases
D) increases, stops

Question 11

In the setting of uncontrolled hemorrhage, liberal fluid administration can produce several consequences that may ultimately worsen the patient's outcome.

Question 12

High volume intravenous fluid administration activates the cytokine system and inflammatory system.

Question 13

Decreased cerebral flow causes ischemia and edema, which can worsen intracranial pressure, especially in patients with intracranial hemorrhage.

Question 14

Massive abdominal hemorrhage can apply pressure on the underside of the diaphragm and impair lung expansion.

Question 15

In hemorrhagic shock, the circulation and perfusion is most often affected by ____.

A) negative intrathoracic pressure
B) carbon dioxide overload
C) blood loss
D) impaired ventilation

Question 16

The trachea can be palpated just above the sternal notch to assess if it is in a midline position.

Question 17

Relaxation of airway musculature cannot impede airflow through the upper airway enough to impair oxygenation.

Question 18

Which of the following computations is used to calculate cardiac output?

A) Cardiac Output = Heart Rate * Stroke Volume
B) Cardiac Output = Heart Rate + Stroke Volume
C) Cardiac Output = Heart Rate \ Stroke Volume
D) Cardiac Output = Heart Rate - Stroke Volume

Question 19

The Paramedic's overarching goal in treating the critically ill trauma patient with multiple injuries is to enhance the delivery of ____ to the tissues.

A) plasma
B) oxygen
C) nitrogen
D) blood

Question 20

Neurogenic shock is a common cause of shock in the critically injured patient.

Question 21

____ located in the medulla oblongata, carotid, and aorta, sense pH, carbon dioxide, and, to a lesser extent, oxygen content in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid.

A) Alphareceptors
B) Chemoreceptors
C) Baroreceptors
D) Neurotransmitters

Question 22

Altered mental status is often the first objective sign of ____.

A) hemorrhage
B) hypoxemia
C) stroke
D) cardiac arrest

Question 23

A(n) ____ valve is a one-way valve used to prevent air from returning into the thoracic cavity.

A) expansion
B) flutter
C) diffusion
D) reservoir

Question 24

Repeated intubation attempts ____ the likelihood of intubation success.

A) decrease
B) increase
C) have no effect on
D) eliminate

Question 25

Regarding fluid resuscitation, the ____ camp subscribes to controlled fluid resuscitation using physiologic measures to determine the need for administration of additional fluid.

A) permissive hypotension
B) humanistic
C) traditional
D) controlled hypotension

Question 26

If the patient survives an episode of hemorrhagic shock, the ____ system increases production of red blood cells, gradually replacing red blood cells lost during hemorrhage.

A) circulatory
B) neurological
C) hematopoietic
D) muscular

Question 27

If a tension pneumothorax is suspected, the Paramedic should proceed with a(n) ____.

A) supraglottic airway
B) needle thoracostomy
C) endotracheal intubation
D) non-occlusive dressing

Question 28

If neurogenic shock is caused by hemorrhage in the brain, then ____ medications may be required in order to raise the blood pressure to an adequate level.

A) anthelmintic
B) anticoagulant
C) vasopressor
D) glucocorticoid

Question 29

Many patients with adrenal insufficiency carry a kit with injectable ____ they can self-administer in the event of a crisis.

A) probiotics
B) steroids
C) analgesics
D) coagulants

Question 30

When the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated, it causes ____ to be secreted from the adrenal gland.

A) adrenalin
B) testosterone
C) epinephrine
D) norepinephrine

Question 31

During hypoxemia, the mucous membranes of the ____ are often the first areas to become cyanotic.

A) nose
B) lips and tongue
C) eyes
D) ears

Question 32

Traditionally, patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale below ____ should be intubated.

A) eight
B) ten
C) twelve
D) fifteen

Question 33

Regarding fluid resuscitation, the ____ camp follows the high volume resuscitation recommended by animal research from the 1950s and that was carried out during the Vietnam conflict.

A) controlled hypertension
B) traditional
C) permissive hypotension
D) humanistic

Question 34

The Paramedic's first key component in achieving the goal of oxygen delivery is ensuring the patient has ____.

A) a clear and unobstructed airway
B) adequate circulation
C) adequate ventilation
D) adequate blood pressure

Question 35

Ventilation is primarily assessed by observing the patient's ____.

A) reflexes
B) chest
C) eyes
D) mental status