Deck 12: Heat Emergencies

Question 1

The corollary to the heat index is the wind chill chart.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Sweat is comprised primarily of ____.

A) adrenalin
B) water
C) magnesium
D) sodium

Answer 2

water

Question 3

As sweat reaches the skin surface, it evaporates into the atmosphere and takes heat with it, a process called ____.

A) acclimatization
B) diuresis
C) hypothermia
D) thermolysis

Answer 3

thermolysis

Question 4

Treatment for exertional rhabdomyolysis is the same as for crush injury.

Question 5

The ____ system is the largest organ system in the body.

A) reproductive
B) integumentary
C) digestive
D) nervous

Question 6

The ____ index, sometimes called the misery index, is a function of ambient temperature and humidity.

A) stress
B) heat
C) shock
D) humidity

Question 7

Anytime the perceived temperature is over ____, the patient is at risk for heat illness.

A) 98 ° F
B) 99 ° F
C) 102 ° F
D) 105 ° F

Question 8

Patients with salt depletion heat exhaustion often complain of thirst, but not nausea or vomiting.

Question 9

Untreated malignant hyperthermia is a medical emergency that has been associated with a 70% mortality rate.

Question 10

From a field perspective, the key clinical feature that distinguishes heat exhaustion from heatstroke is vomiting.

Question 11

The body's regulatory systems attempt to maintain the body within a temperature range that averages around ____.

A) 96.6 ° F
B) 97.6 ° F
C) 98.6 ° F
D) 99.6 ° F

Question 12

Hyperthermia interferes with cellular metabolism, specifically the ____ pump.

A) calcium-ion
B) ion-sodium
C) sodium-potassium
D) calcium-potassium

Question 13

Loss of central venous pressure, as seen by a widening pulse pressure, leads to reduced cardiac output and resulting hypoperfusion.

Question 14

The classic presentation for the patient with ____ is generalized weakness, poor muscle coordination, and alterations in mental status.

A) anhydrosis
B) heat exhaustion
C) heat fatigue
D) hyperpyrexia

Question 15

Patients taking diuretics are less prone to heat illnesses.

Question 16

The ____ senses temperature changes and sends chemical signals to the body to respond to an increased internal core temperature.

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebellum
C) amygdala
D) hippocampus

Question 17

Key to a suspicion of heatstroke is syncope.

Question 18

Children under the age of twelve are among the populations at highest risk for heat illness.

Question 19

Hyponatremia occurs because of inappropriate replacement of fluid losses with hypotonic fluids.

Question 20

The onset of heat illness can be insidious, starting with ____.

A) heatstroke
B) heat exhaustion
C) heat cramps
D) heat fatigue

Question 21

____ heatstroke is usually seen in elderly patients who, because of medical conditions or age, are unable to compensate for a change in temperature and\or humidity.

A) Compensated
B) Exertional
C) Nonexertional
D) Decompensation

Question 22

Some experts feel that ____, placing the body in very cold water, is the gold standard for treatment of heatstroke.

A) ice water immersion
B) strategic ice packing
C) strategic water packing
D) iced gastric lavage\gavage

Question 23

When there is a lack of sodium in the blood, or ____, there can be decreased depolarization.

A) hypoperfusion
B) hyperpyrexia
C) hypoxia
D) hyponatremia

Question 24

Sudden onset of altered mental state occurs in approximately ____ of heatstroke cases.

A) 60%
B) 80%
C) 90%
D) 99%

Question 25

It takes an overweight person ____ longer to acclimatize than a fit person.

A) 25%
B) 40%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 26

It is estimated that up to 25% of patients with exertional heatstroke will develop ____, which occurs as a result of vigorous exercise that injures skeletal muscle.

A) exertional rhabdomyolysis
B) nonexertional anhydrosis
C) nonexertional rhabdomyolysis
D) exertional anhydrosis

Question 27

The Paramedic gently sprays a cool mist over the patient. This is an example of a(n) ____ cooling technique.

A) evaporative
B) conductive
C) immersion
D) lavage

Question 28

____ heatstroke is the result of strenuous physical activity.

A) Exertional
B) Complex
C) Nonexertional
D) Classic

Question 29

____ depletion heat exhaustion usually occurs in non-acclimatized patients and can also occur during prolonged periods of strenuous exercise in even temperate temperatures.

A) Calcium
B) Water
C) Salt
D) Potassium

Question 30

Which of the following population is most at risk for heat illness?

A) 9-1-1 operators
B) Doctors
C) Cab drivers
D) Farmers

Question 31

The symptom triad for classic heatstroke is hyperthermia, altered mental status, and ____.

A) fatigue
B) anhydrosis
C) nausea
D) muscle spasm

Question 32

During ____, ice packs are placed strategically at pulse points.

A) iced gastric lavage
B) ice water immersion
C) strategic ice packing
D) iced gastric gavage

Question 33

Once the patient's core temperature reaches ____, efforts at cooling the body should stop.

A) 99.7 ° F
B) 100.4 ° F
C) 101.2 ° F
D) 102.8 ° F

Question 34

____ depletion heat exhaustion occurs when the person fails, either voluntarily or involuntarily, to replace fluid losses.

A) Water
B) Sodium
C) Salt
D) Potassium

Question 35

A core temperature of ____ exceeds the thermal maximum that cells can endure without damage.

A) 98.6 ° F
B) 102.7 ° F
C) 105.8 ° F
D) 107.6 ° F