Deck 13: Cold Emergencies

Question 1

The body has many complex thermoregulatory mechanisms to help ensure that the body's ____ temperature, the temperature in the vital and core organs, remains within the appropriate range.

A) basal
B) core
C) ambient
D) external

Answer 1

core

Question 2

Alcohol, a vasodilator, increases heat loss through peripheral vasodilation.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Cases of mild hypothermia often result in significant problems of morbidity or mortality.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

At odds with the body's "need" to maintain an internal core temperature of approximately ____ are the forces of evaporation, conduction, convection, and radiation.

A) 96 ° F
B) 97 ° F
C) 99 ° F
D) 101 ° F

Question 5

Exposure to wind can rapidly induce hypothermia.

Question 6

Frostbite cannot occur above sub-zero temperatures.

Question 7

All of the following are examples of the effects of the body's release of epinephrine in response to cold except ____.

A) goose bumps
B) pale skin
C) cool skin
D) shivering

Question 8

The body has several means to produce heat as a part of the process called ____.

A) hypoperfusion
B) hyperperfusion
C) metabolism
D) thermogenesis

Question 9

The rhythmic contraction of muscle to produce heat is most dramatically demonstrated through ____.

A) shivering
B) hyperventilation
C) seizure
D) pale skin

Question 10

The disorder hypothermia occurs in degrees.

Question 11

The body's temperature is largely controlled by the ____, an area situated in the center of the brain.

A) cerebellum
B) hypothalamus
C) cortex
D) amygdala

Question 12

Newborns lack the ability to shiver and depend on non-shivering mechanisms.

Question 13

In the case of rewarming shock, the Paramedic should consider administration of lactated Ringer's.

Question 14

On average, about ____ of the body's heat is lost through simple radiation of heat to the atmosphere.

A) 35%
B) 45%
C) 55%
D) 65%

Question 15

Conditions such as hypothyroidism can predispose a patient to hypothermia.

Question 16

When the muscles use all of their glycogen stores, creating a condition called ____, the patient experiences extreme fatigue, cessation of shivering, and rapid decline into severe hypothermia.

A) thermolysis
B) glycogen debt
C) hyponatremia
D) diuresis

Question 17

Not all mammals are warm-blooded.

Question 18

A "thermoneutral" body temperature is between ____.

A) 96.7 ° F and 98.5 ° F
B) 97.1 ° F and 98.2 ° F
C) 97.7 ° F and 99.5 ° F
D) 99.7 ° F and 100.5 ° F

Question 19

About 15% of heat is lost through ____, or contact with colder objects such as wind and water.

A) conduction
B) convection
C) radiation
D) evaporation

Question 20

As vasoconstriction increases in response to hypothermia, the blood pressure may be easier to auscultate.

Question 21

During ____ rewarming, hot packs are applied to the carotid pulse point (proximal to the larynx) and the femoral pulse point (proximal to the groin).

A) active external
B) passive
C) evaporative
D) active internal

Question 22

Clinical signs of ____ hypothermia include unconsciousness and absent pulses.

A) mild
B) moderate
C) severe
D) complex

Question 23

____ hypothermia occurs between 82.4 ° F and 89.6 ° F.

A) Mild
B) Moderate
C) Extreme
D) Prolonged

Question 24

Excessive urination due to decreased temperatures is known as ____.

A) anhydrosis
B) thermolysis
C) amenorrhea
D) cold diuresis

Question 25

One peculiar behavior sometimes seen in patients with mild hypothermia is ____, wherein the patient enters into a confined space.

A) ischemia
B) terminal burrowing
C) paradoxical undressing
D) regression

Question 26

During ____ rewarming, the patient's own body heat is used to rewarm the patient.

A) evaporative
B) active
C) passive
D) external

Question 27

Perhaps first described by Baron Dominick Jean Larrey, who is attributed with invention of the "flying ambulance," ____ phenomenon occurs when cold extremities are warmed.

A) Osborne
B) rewarming shock
C) burrowing
D) after drop

Question 28

____ is a suboptimal body temperature, one that, if allowed to persist, is incompatible with life.

A) Hypothermia
B) Hyponatremia
C) Hyperthermia
D) Hypernatremia

Question 29

Patients with diabetes may suffer from ____, a condition that leaves patients without feeling in their feet.

A) stridor
B) coagulation necrosis
C) diabetic neuropathy
D) necrotizing fasciitis

Question 30

____ hypothermia occurs when the body's core temperature drops between 89.6 ° F and 95 ° F.

A) Mild
B) Moderate
C) Extreme
D) Prolonged

Question 31

During ____ rewarming, the Paramedic administers warm, humidified oxygen.

A) active internal
B) passive internal
C) passive external
D) active external

Question 32

____ is localized tissue damage that occurs from prolonged exposure to moisture that is below body temperature.

A) Frostnip
B) Nuresmaid's elbow
C) Trench foot
D) Cold diuresis

Question 33

When the body temperature approaches ____, compensatory mechanisms start to fail, shivering stops, and consciousness starts to wane.

A) 82 ° F
B) 87 ° F
C) 90 ° F
D) 94 ° F

Question 34

____, a freezing of tissue, is an example of a localized cold injury.

A) Hypothermia
B) Frostbite
C) Cold diuresis
D) Hyperthermia

Question 35

Altered judgment is sometimes seen in a phenomenon called ____, in which patients with hypothermia often state they have an overwhelming feeling of warmth and take off their clothes just before losing consciousness.

A) delirium
B) paradoxical undressing
C) terminal burrowing
D) peripheral neuropathy