Deck 9: Chemical Bonds

Question 1

Predict the formula of an ionic compound formed from barium and sulfur.

A) BaS
B) Ba₂S
C) Ba S₂
D) Ba₃S
E) none of these

Answer 1

BaS

Question 2

Consider the reaction of sodium metal with chlorine gas to form NaCl as shown below. How does each element in the compound NaCl attain an octet of electrons?
2 Na (s) + Cl₂ (g)→2 NaCl (s)

A) A sodium atom and a chlorine atom share two electrons.
B) A sodium atom loses an electron and the chlorine atom accepts the electron.
C) A chlorine atom loses an electron and the sodium atom accepts the electron.
D) A sodium atom loses an electron and the chlorine atom loses seven electrons.
E) A sodium atom gains seven electrons and the chlorine atom loses seven electrons.

Answer 2

A sodium atom loses an electron and the chlorine atom accepts the electron.

Question 3

Given the three statements below, which choice is correct?
I. The principal force holding a crystal of NaCl together is electrostatic (an attraction of positive and negative charges) in nature.
II. The Lewis symbol of sulfur is
III. The Lewis symbol of carbon is

A) only I is true
B) II and III are true, I is false
C) all three are true
D) all three are false
E) none of these answers are correct

Answer 3

only I is true

Question 4

Given the three statements below, pick the best answer.
I. The main forces that make ionic solids stable are the crystal lattice forces.
II. The main force holding covalent molecules together is the sharing of electrons between atoms.
III. The total number of valence electrons for CCl₄ is 32.

A) I and II are true, III is false
B) I and III are true, II is false
C) II and III are true, I is false
D) all three are true
E) only III is true

Question 5

Which atom shown below normally forms three covalent bonds when forming molecular compounds?

A) Cl
B) S
C) P
D) Si
E) Ar

Question 6

Which atom from the list below normally forms compounds with three covalent bonds to itself?

A) S
B) N
C) Mg
D) C
E) F

Question 7

Which atom from the list below normally forms two covalent bonds when forming molecular compounds?

A) Ne
B) Si
C) N
D) S
E) Br

Question 8

What is the correct Lewis dot symbol for a nitride ion , N^{3 -} ?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 9

Which species listed below has the largest lattice energy?

A) NaCl
B) LiCl
C) LiF
D) KBr
E) KF

Question 10

A chemical property of hydrogen, H₂ , is that it reacts with oxygen, O₂, to produce water, H₂ O (a molecular compound), as shown below. How does each element in the compound H₂ O attain a Noble gas electronic configuration?
2 H₂ (g) + O₂(g) 2 H₂ O ( )

A) An oxygen atom loses two electrons and each hydrogen atom accepts an electron forming O²⁺ and two H ^- ions.
B) Each hydrogen atom loses an electron and the oxygen atom loses six electrons.
C) Each hydrogen atom loses an electron and the oxygen atom accepts the two electrons forming 2 H⁺ ions and one O^{2 -} ion.
D) Each hydrogen atom gains seven electrons and the oxygen atom loses six electrons.
E) Each hydrogen atom and the oxygen atom share two electrons.

Question 11

What is the Electron Dot formula for the oxide ion, O^{2 -} ?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 12

What is(are) the driving force(s) for formation of an ionic compound from its elements?

A) A large amount of heat is released when two oppositely charged ions come together to form a crystal lattice.
B) Both elements in the compound attain a stable Noble gas electronic configuration through a complete transfer of electrons from the metal to the nonmetal.
C) Both elements in the compound attain a stable Noble gas electronic configuration through sharing of electrons.
D) Both a and b
E) Both a and c

Question 13

Which species listed below has the largest lattice energy?

A) CaCl₂
B) LiCl
C) BeO
D) CaO
E) CaS

Question 14

Which atom from the list below normally forms two covalent bonds ?

A) N
B) F
C) C
D) Br
E) O

Question 15

Which compound listed below should have the highest lattice energy?

A) LiCl
B) LiBr
C) NaBr
D) LiI
E) NaCl

Question 16

Taking into account the size of ions and their respective charges, arrange the following three ionic compounds MgCl₂, NaCl and MgO in order of increasing lattice energy .

A) MgCl₂ < NaCl < MgO
B) MgCl₂ < MgO < NaCl
C) NaCl < MgCl₂ < MgO
D) NaCl < MgO < MgCl₂
E) MgO < MgCl₂ < NaCl

Question 17

A chemical property of magnesium metal, Mg (s), is that it reacts with oxygen, O₂ (g), to produce magnesium oxide, MgO, as shown below. How does each element in the compound MgO attain an octet of electrons?
2 Mg (s) + O₂ (g)→2 MgO (s)

A) A magnesium atom loses two electrons and the oxygen atom accepts the two electrons.
B) An oxygen atom loses two electrons and the magnesium atom accepts the two electrons.
C) A magnesium atom loses two electrons and the oxygen atom loses six electrons.
D) A magnesium atom gains six electrons and the oxygen atom loses six electrons.
E) A magnesium atom and an oxygen atom share two electrons.

Question 18

Which of the following is a false statement regarding the differences between ionic and covalent bonding?

A) Ionic bonds form from sharing electrons and covalent bonds form by a complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
B) The driving force for the formation of both ionic and molecular compounds is to attain a stable "Noble Gas" electronic configuration.
C) Ionic bonds form between a metal and a nonmetal whereas covalent bonds form between two nonmetals.
D) Ionic compounds exist as extended arrays of alternating cations and anions whereas covalently bonded compounds exist as discrete entities with weak forces of interaction among the molecules.
E) They are all true statements.

Question 19

Given the three statements below, pick the best answer.
I. The Lewis symbol of boron is
II. KCl should have a greater lattice energy than BeO.
III. The Lewis symbol Mg is correct for a magnesium atom.

A) all three are true
B) I and II are true, III is false
C) I and III are true, II is false
D) II and III are true, I is false
E) only III is true

Question 20

Which species listed below has the largest lattice energy?

A) CaCl₂
B) LiCl
C) MgF₂
D) NaCl
E) SrBr₂

Question 21

The Lewis structure for formaldehyde (CH₂O) is:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E) none of these

Question 22

The molecule H₂NCH₃ has:

A) 6 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair.
B) 7 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.
C) 5 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs.
D) 5 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair.
E) some number of lone and bond pairs not described in a-d.

Question 23

How many electrons (both lone and bond pairs) are shown in the correct Lewis structure of HClO?

A) 14
B) 12
C) 16
D) 20
E) none of these

Question 24

Which Lewis structure below obeys the octet rule for every atom in the structure of SO₂ and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 25

The molecule PH₃ has:

A) 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair.
B) 3 bonding pairs and no lone pairs.
C) 3 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs.
D) 4 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair.
E) some number of lone and bond pairs not described in a-d.

Question 26

How many electrons (both lone and bond pairs) are shown in the Lewis diagram of CO₃^{2 -}?

A) 20
B) 22
C) 24
D) 28
E) 30

Question 27

The molecule H₂S has:

A) 2 bonding pairs and 3 lone pairs.
B) 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs.
C) 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair.
D) 3 bonding pairs and 3 lone pairs.
E) none of these.

Question 28

Which Lewis structure below for CO₂ obeys the octet rule for every atom in the structure and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 29

Given the three Lewis structures listed below, pick the best answer.
I.
II.
III.

A) I and II are correct, III is incorrect
B) II and III are correct, I is incorrect
C) I and III are correct, II is incorrect
D) all three are correct
E) only II is correct

Question 30

How many electrons (both lone and bond pairs) are used in the Lewis structure of C₂O₄^{2 -} ?

A) 30
B) 34
C) 32
D) 46
E) none of these

Question 31

How many electrons (both lone and bond pairs) are used in the Lewis diagram of CH₂NH?

A) 16
B) 12
C) 14
D) 10
E) none of these

Question 32

Given the three Lewis structures below, pick the best answer.
I.
II.
III.

A) All three represent correct Lewis structures.
B) I and II represent correct Lewis structures, III does not
C) I and III represent correct Lewis structures, II does not
D) II and III represent correct Lewis structures, I does not
E) Only I represents a correct Lewis structure.

Question 33

Which is the best Lewis structure of CH₂FCO₂H (connectivity correct as given)?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E) none of these is acceptable

Question 34

Lewis structures for three molecules are shown below (assume the connectivity is correct). Pick the best answer.
I.
II.
III.

A) I and II are correct, III is not
B) I and III are correct, II is not
C) II and III are correct, I is not
D) all three are correct
E) only I is correct

Question 35

The molecule N₂H₄ (H₂NNH₂ connectivity) has in its correct Lewis structure a total of:

A) 4 bonds and 2 lone pairs
B) 5 bonds and 1 lone pair.
C) 4 bonds and 1 lone pair.
D) 5 bonds and 2 lone pairs.
E) none of these.

Question 36

How many electrons (both bond and lone pairs) are used in the Lewis structure of SO₄^{2 -} ?

A) 18
B) 20
C) 22
D) 24
E) 32

Question 37

How many electrons (both bond and lone pairs) are used in the Lewis diagram of [NO₃] ^- ?

A) 24
B) 20
C) 23
D) 25
E) none of these

Question 38

How many electrons (both lone and bond pairs) are used in the Lewis structure of NH₃?

A) 10
B) 6
C) 8
D) 4
E) none of these

Question 39

The molecule H₂O₂ (H - O - O - H) has:

A) 4 bonding pairs and 3 lone pair.
B) 3 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs.
C) 3 bonding pairs and 3 lone pairs.
D) 3 bonding pairs and 4 one pair.
E) some number of lone and bond pairs not described in a-d.

Question 40

The correct Lewis structure for Cl₂CO is (the 2 Cl's and the O are bound to the C and not to each other):

A)
B)
C)
D)
E) none of these

Question 41

Which Lewis structure below obeys the octet rule for every atom in the structure of SF₂ and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 42

Which Lewis structure below for (NO₃)^{1 -} obeys the octet rule for every atom in the structure and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 43

Which one of the following is the correct Lewis structure for HCN?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 44

Which Lewis structure below obeys the octet rule for every atom in the structure of SO₃ and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 45

Which Lewis structure below obeys the octet rule for every atom in the structure of CO and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 46

Which Lewis structure below obeys the octet rule for every atom in the structure of NBr₃ and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 47

Which Lewis structure below for (CO₃)^{2 -} obeys the octet rule for every atom in the structure and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 48

Which Lewis structure below obeys the octet rule for every atom in the structure of SOCl₂ and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 49

Which Lewis structure below obeys the octet rule for every atom in the structure of Br₂ and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 50

How many available valence electrons are used in the Lewis structure for the species (NO₃)^{1 -} ?

A) 15 e -
B) 16 e -
C) 22 e -
D) 23 e -
E) 24 e -

Question 51

Consider the polyatomic ion, CN^{1 -} . Which Lewis structure below obeys the octet rule for both atoms in the structure and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 52

Which Lewis structure below obeys the octet rule for every atom in the structure of O₂ and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 53

Which Lewis structure below obeys the octet rule for every atom in the structure of N₂ and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 54

Which Lewis structure below obeys the octet rule for every atom in the structure of COCl₂ and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 55

Which Lewis structure below for hydrazine, N₂H₄, obeys the octet rule and contains the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 56

Which Lewis structure below obeys the octet rule for every atom in the structure of O₃ and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 57

Consider the polyatomic ion, ClO^{1 -} . Which Lewis structure below obeys the octet rule for both atoms in the structure and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 58

Consider the polyatomic ion, NO¹⁺. Which Lewis structure below obeys the octet rule for both atoms in the structure and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 59

Consider the polyatomic ion, OH^{1 -} . Which Lewis structure below obeys the octet rule for both atoms in the structure and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 60

Which Lewis structure below obeys the octet rule for every atom in the structure of OF₂ and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 61

Arrange the following bonds in order of increasing polarity . C-F,O-F, Be-F

A) C-F < O-F < Be-F
B) C-F < Be-F < O-F
C) Be-F < O-F < C-F
D) Be-F < C-F < O-F
E) O-F < C-F < Be-F

Question 62

Which bond listed below is most polar?

A) C - N
B) Si - N
C) P - N
D) Al - N
E) Ga - N

Question 63

Which of the following bonds is most polar?

A) B - Cl
B) Ga - Cl
C) B - S
D) Si - Cl
E) Ga - S

Question 64

Which of the following bonds has the highest polarity?

A) H - O
B) H - F
C) H - Cl
D) H - Br
E) H - I

Question 65

Based upon general trends in electronegativity, which polar covalent chemical bond(s) listed below is(are) properly labeled using the vector convention discussed in class?
(Recall that the vector points toward the most electronegative atom in the bond.)
I.
II.
III.

A) II only
B) I and II
C) I and III
D) II and III
E) All of these

Question 66

Consider the polyatomic ion, NO₂^{1 -} . Which Lewis structure below obeys the octet rule for both atoms in the structure and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 67

Consider the polyatomic ion, (SO₃)^{2 -} . Which Lewis structure below obeys the octet rule for all atoms in the structure and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 68

Which bond would be most polar?

A) O - F
B) Cl - F
C) C - F
D) Al - F
E) B - F

Question 69

Which of the following elements has the smallest electronegativity?

A) O
B) F
C) Cl
D) Br
E) I

Question 70

Which of the following bonds would be most polar?

A) N - O
B) C - O
C) S - O
D) P - O
E) Si - O

Question 71

Arrange the elements F, P, and Si in order of increasing electronegativity .

A) (least electronegative) F < P < Si (most electronegative)
B) (least electronegative) F < Si < P (most electronegative)
C) (least electronegative) Si < P < F (most electronegative)
D) (least electronegative) Si < F < P (most electronegative)
E) (least electronegative) P < Si < F (most electronegative)

Question 72

Consider drawing the Lewis structure for nitrite, NO₂^{1 -} . Taking into account the charge of this polyatomic anion, how many total valence electrons are present?

A) 17 valence e -
B) 18 valence e -
C) 22 valence e -
D) 23 valence e -
E) 24 valence e -

Question 73

Arrange the elements As, Cl, and S in order of increasing electronegativity .

A) As < Cl < S
B) As < S < Cl
C) Cl < S < As
D) Cl < As < S
E) S < As < Cl

Question 74

Arrange the elements O, P, F in order of increasing electronegativity .

A) F < O < P
B) O < F < P
C) F < P < O
D) P < O < F
E) O < P < F

Question 75

Which bond listed below would be most polar?

A) N - N
B) N - P
C) N - C
D) N - As
E) N - Ge

Question 76

Arrange the elements N, O and Si in order of increasing electronegativity .

A) (least electronegative) N < O < Si (most electronegative)
B) (least electronegative) N < Si < O (most electronegative)
C) (least electronegative) O < N < Si (most electronegative)
D) (least electronegative) O < Si < N (most electronegative)
E) (least electronegative) Si < N < O (most electronegative)

Question 77

Arrange the following bonds in order of increasing polarity . F-F, C-F, O-F

A) F-F < C-F < O-F
B) F-F < O-F < C-F
C) O-F < F-F < C-F
D) C-F < F-F < O-F
E) O-F < C-F < F-F

Question 78

Consider the polyatomic ion, (PO₃)^{3 -} . Which Lewis structure below obeys the octet rule for both atoms in the structure and uses the proper number of valence electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 79

Arrange the elements K, O, Br in order of increasing electronegativity .

A) K < O < Br
B) Br < O < K
C) K < Br < O
D) O < Br < K
E) O < K < Br

Question 80

Based upon electronegativity differences, which of the following bonds is(are) labeled correctly with respect to indicating a bond dipole?
I.
II.
III.

A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) I and II
E) II and III