Deck 7: Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World

Question 1

The title "vicars of Christ" has traditionally been given to which church leaders?

A)Bishops of Rome
B)Archbishops of Alexandria
C)Patriarchs of Jerusalem

Answer 1

Bishops of Rome

Question 2

The doctrine of Petrine supremacy is best described how?

A)It was the belief that the bishops of Rome held a preeminent position in the church.
B)It was developed at the Council of Nicaea.
C)It declared heresy to be the main problem of the church.

Answer 2

It was the belief that the bishops of Rome held a preeminent position in the church.

Question 3

After the death of Theodoric, what happened to the Ostrogothic kingdom?

A)It prospered under very able rulers.
B)It was defeated by the Byzantines, reducing Rome as a center of Mediterranean culture.
C)It allied itself with the Vandals against the Visigoths.

Answer 3

It was defeated by the Byzantines, reducing Rome as a center of Mediterranean culture.

Question 4

Jerome is known for all of the following EXCEPT which?

A)His mastery of Latin prose
B)His final return to pagan heresy and rejection of key Christian doctrines
C)His translations of the Old and New Testaments from Hebrew and Greek into Latin

Question 5

What was the primary instrument of Pope Gregory for converting the Germanic peoples of Europe?

A)The imperial army
B)Monasticism
C)Bribery

Question 6

Frankish marriage customs included which practice?

A)They placed strong sanctions on adulterous women.
B)They placed women on an equal footing with their husbands.
C)They did not allow divorce.

Question 7

Diocletian intended the tetrarchy to achieve what goal?

A)Make Christianity the foundation of the Empire.
B)Rebuild the economic foundations of the West.
C)Establish an orderly succession to the emperorship.

Question 8

The Frankish palace official, Charles Martel, successfully defeated which of the following near Poitiers in 732?

A)The Visigoths
B)The Burgundians
C)The Muslims

Question 9

The withdrawal of Roman armies from Britain enabled which of the following?

A)Celtic Britons to overrun the island
B)Angles and Saxons, Germanic tribes from Denmark and Germany, to invade and to establish new kingdoms on the isle
C)The rise of medieval Scottish culture

Question 10

The "Apostle of the Germans" and the most famous churchman in Europe in the eighth century was who?

A)Gregory the Great
B)Boniface
C)Jerome

Question 11

According to Cassiodorus, the trivium includes which of the following subjects?

A)Grammar, rhetoric, and music
B)Geometry, music, and astronomy
C)Grammar, rhetoric, and dialectic or logic

Question 12

Constantine's most enduring reform came in the creation of which of the following?

A)A new system of Roman law
B)The "New Rome"
C)Wage and price controls

Question 13

What was the greatest difference between Irish Christianity and Roman Christianity?

A)Irish church organization, giving Irish abbots more power than bishops
B)Differing interpretations of the Nicene Creed
C)Disputes over the powers of deacons

Question 14

The Germans believed that the ordeal could do what?

A)Reveal the truth by showing which party God favored in a dispute.
B)Purify the spirit and bring one closer to God.
C)Cause eternal damnation because its practice was classified as a heresy.

Question 15

In Germanic society wergeld refers to which of the following?

A)It refers to the payment made by a prospective groom to symbolize the purchase of paternal authority over the bride.
B)It was developed as an alternative to acts of revenge for injury.
C)It was the swearing of an oath to determine innocence or guilt under the law.

Question 16

Pope Gregory the Great was responsible for all of the following EXCEPT which?

A)Creating the Papal States
B)Recognizing the Byzantine emperor as the rightful ruler of Italy
C)Writing The Ecclesiastical History of the English People

Question 17

Who was the founder of the Frankish kingdom and the first royal Frankish defender of the Catholic faith?

A)Merovic
B)Clovis
C)Hagar

Question 18

Western monasticism was characterized by which of the following?

A)Study and the preservation of manuscripts
B)Fasting and self-inflicted torments
C)A balance of study, work, and prayer

Question 19

Who was the pope who supposedly caused Attila and the Huns to turn away from Rome?

A)Leo I
B)Gregory the Great
C)Peter I

Question 20

Augustine's Confessions was written as which of the following?

A)An account of his own miraculous personal conversion
B)A warning to unbelievers that damnation awaited the unbaptized
C)An epic poem to rival the works of the greatest pagan poets

Question 21

Muslim societies abide by a strict code of law, called what?

A)The Shari'a
B)Jihad
C)The hajj

Question 22

Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina in 622 is known as what?

A)Ka'aba
B)Razzia
C)Hegira

Question 23

Where Muhammad was born?

A)Jerusalem
B)Mecca
C)Yathrib

Question 24

The political, economic, and social policies of the restored empire under Diocletian and Constantine had what effect?

A)They meant the destruction of the civil and military bureaucracies.
B)They renewed the support of the Roman peasants and lower classes for the Empire.
C)They were based on coercion and the loss of individual freedom.

Question 25

Which of the following statements about the Byzantine emperor is NOT accurate?

A)The emperor mimicked Christlike humility and allowed his subjects to approach him as equals.
B)The emperor appointed the patriarch and thus exercised control over both church and state.
C)The power of the emperor was considered absolute.

Question 26

Describe Constantine's economic reforms.

Question 27

Why did Rome's Emperors decide to adopt Christianity?

Question 28

The Corpus Iuris Civilis (Body of Civil Law)is significant for what reason?

A)It was never adopted by the Byzantine Empire.
B)It was the last product of eastern Roman culture to be written in Latin.
C)It marked a rejection of Roman legal traditions.

Question 29

The eighth-century controversy that set the Latin and Greek Orthodox Christians apart was over which of the following?

A)The official use of the Greek language in the Byzantine Empire
B)The election of the pope
C)Iconoclasm, or the destruction of icons

Question 30

Justinian's military conquests under the great general Belisarius are best described how?

A)They included both Spain and Gaul.
B)They permanently returned control of the Mediterranean to the Eastern Empire.
C)Their gains were short-lived.

Question 31

Why did Diocletian divide the Empire?

Question 32

Justinian's most important lasting contribution to Western civilization was which of the following?

A)His codification of Roman law
B)His reconquest of western Europe
C)His prevention of the migration of Eastern peoples to the West

Question 33

Who were the successors to Muhammad's leadership of the Muslim world?

A)Bedouins
B)Caliphs
C)Sultans

Question 34

What was the result of the Edict of Milan?

Question 35

How did Germans contribute to maintaining the Roman Empire?

Question 36

The cardinal principle of the Islamic faith is that there is no God but Allah and his Prophet is who?

A)Muhammad
B)Jesus
C)Moses

Question 37

When did Constantine's support for Christianity supposedly begin?

A)Before the Battle of Milvian Bridge
B)After his defeat by his rival Maxentius
C)After Constantine was baptized

Question 38

In the year 532, why did Justinian almost flee the capital?

A)The Nika riots
B)An invasion
C)A vision from heaven

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a similarity between Christianity and Islam?

A)Each of the faiths had a holy book.
B)Both Muhammad and Jesus considered themselves to be divine.
C)Both religions were monotheistic.

Question 40

Why did so many Germanic groups want to emigrate to within Roman borders?

Question 41

What was the significance of the Corpus Iuris Civilis?

Question 42

Who is St. Ambrose and why was he significant to the early church?

Question 43

How was the early Islamic community regarded by its contemporaries?

Question 44

The Council of Nicaea in 325 accomplished which of the following?

A)It first organized a system of bishoprics.
B)It elected the first pope.
C)It defined Christ as being "of the same substance" as God.

Question 45

What was Christianity's approach to preexisting pagan religious traditions?

Question 46

Why was withdrawal from society such an important part of early monasticism?

Question 47

The Edict of Milan had what effect?

A)It made Christianity the official state religion of the Empire.
B)It was Constantine's document officially tolerating the existence of Christianity.
C)It officially divided the Roman Empire into eastern and western halves.

Question 48

What was the message of the vision Muhammad claims to have had in 610 C.E.?

Question 49

What role did women play in the early monastic movement?

Question 50

Describe how Constantine's reforms affected Rome's wealthy and poor. How effective were his reforms, and who did they benefit most?

Question 51

What were the most important factor motivating Roman emperors to adopt Christianity? What effect did their adoption have on the early religion?

Question 52

Describe the significance of St. Augustine's contributions to early Christian beliefs.

Question 53

What are the most important beliefs in Islam?

Question 54

Why did Justinian wish to reconquer Rome?

Question 55

Describe the doctrinal disagreements between early church leaders. How did this have political consequences, and how were these disagreements ultimately resolved?

Question 56

Describe some successor kingdoms to Roman authority in the West.

Question 57

Describe the motivations and functioning of the tetrarchy. To what extent did it achieve its goals?

Question 58

What is the role of the Hadith in Islamic thought?

Question 59

Describe the Byzantine Empire's government.

Question 60

What role did Constantinople play in the Byzantine economy?

Question 61

Why did Muhammad's death result in such deep and enduring conflict? Describe the positions taken by each side and the present-day legacies.

Question 62

How did Gregory I consolidate the power of the papacy? Why did this matter for early Christianity in general?

Question 63

Why did Justinian attempt to reunite Rome? What results came of his expeditions?

Question 64

In 476, the boy emperor Romulus Augustulus was deposed by whom?

A)Odoacer
B)Clovis
C)Alaric

Question 65

The heresy of Arianism is best described how?

A)It questioned the divinity of Jesus.
B)It denied the existence of God the Father.
C)It denied the existence of the Holy Spirit.

Question 66

How important was the Byzantine Empire to regional trade? Why?

Question 67

Which is more important to early Islamic beliefs, social justice, formal worship, or observing rituals and holidays? Why are each such important features of Islam?

Question 68

Why were monasteries so successful in helping spread Christianity? What results did this success have for monasteries themselves?

Question 69

Why did monastic reform usually involve a rejection of asceticism? What was the role of a monk, according to reformers?

Question 70

To what extent did the writings of early Christian thinkers shape Christian practices and beliefs?

Question 71

By the end of the fifth century in the West, which of the following was true?

A)The Germans greatly outnumbered the Roman population.
B)The German tribes had rejected Arianism.
C)The Romans still controlled the economic resources.

Question 72

Did the Roman Empire end in 476? Why or why not?

Question 73

Theodoric, the Ostrogothic king who took control of Italy, was determined to do what?

A)Destroy Roman civilization and culture forever.
B)Maintain Roman customs and practices in Italy.
C)Sack the Byzantine Empire and depose the pope.

Question 74

How did religion affect Byzantine politics? How did it affect Byzantine foreign relations?

Question 75

How significant was Justinian's Corpus Iuris Civilis? Was it more important to legal scholars or ordinary people in the Byzantine Empire? Why?

Question 76

How did Roman laws and customs change Germanic methods of governance in post-Roman German kingdoms?

Question 77

What was the ultimate objective of German migrations and invasions? To what extent were they successful, and why?