Deck 15: South and Southeast Asia Before 1200

Question 1

Which of the following is a Buddhist monastery?

A) Khajuraho
B) Deogarh
C) Mamallapuram
D) Sanchi

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A chaitya hall would most likely be found in which of the following?

A) a sculptured Buddhist cave temple
B) a Muslim palace
C) a Hindu rock-cut temple
D) a Cambodian Mahameru

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The Aryans composed a compilation of religious learning that included hymns for the priests to sing or chant. In which of the following languages were the Vedas written?

A) Sanskrit
B) Tamil
C) Hindi
D) Urdu

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The small seal discovered at Mohenjo-daro reveals an interesting iconography. Which of the following depictions from that seal supports the Indian practice of meditation?

A) figure is Shiva as Lord of the Beasts
B) figure is in a suggested yogic posture
C) figure is Shiva as Lord of the Creation
D) figure is Buddha in his First Incarnation

Question 5

What could account for the similarity in design of the stamp seals of the Indus Valley Civilization and contemporaneous sites in Mesopotamia?

A) exchange of artists
B) Mesopotamians moved to the Indus Valley
C) Indus Valley peoples invaded and conquered Mesopotamia
D) active trade between the peoples

Question 6

The profusion of sexually amorous couples in Indian art indicates which of the following.

A) wanton behavior and lack of discipline
B) an effort to dispel negative associations with sexuality
C) return to the "old ways"
D) spiritual favor and prosperity

Question 7

For more than four centuries successive Khmer kings worked on the grand complex of temples and palaces at this site, and each king built a temple mountain dedicated to his personal god.

A) Angkor Wat, Cambodia
B) Vishvanatha Temple, Khajuraho
C) Great Stupa, Sanchi
D) Borobudur, Java

Question 8

The caves of Ajanta are famed for which of the following?

A) later Indian painting tradition
B) early Indian painting tradition
C) sexually explicit sculpture
D) history of the reign of Ashoka

Question 9

The Indus Valley civilization arose in ____.

A) Iran
B) Pakistan
C) Afghanistan
D) Iraq

Question 10

Gandhara, a region largely in Pakistan today and close to the Afghanistan border, was home to the Kushan Dynasty and had a rich hellenized culture. Which of the following would explain that association?

A) legacy of Alexander the Great
B) invasion of Seleucus Nicator
C) trade with Imperial Rome
D) trade with the Pergamenes

Question 11

Which of the following was among the innovative ideas of the Upanishads?

A) belief in the birth of the Buddha
B) belief in Shiva as Lord of the Dance
C) belief in an endless round of rebirths
D) belief in the trinity of Vishnu, Shiva, and Devi

Question 12

A yakshi is the personification for which of the following?

A) Fertility and vegetation
B) War and conquest
C) Famine
D) Meditation

Question 13

The pillars of Ashoka go deep into the ground, connecting the earth to the sky. It can be said that they form which of the following?

A) the path to enlightenment
B) the cosmic mountain
C) the Wheel of the Law
D) the axis of the universe

Question 14

Which of the following was the unifying characteristic of the regional dynasties of South Asia in the third through first centuries BCE?

A) patronage of Shiva
B) patronage of Vishnu
C) patronage of Buddhism
D) patronage of Devi

Question 15

To date, what has not been discovered in the Indus Valley?

A) palace or temple architecture
B) public bathing facilities
C) private housing
D) market place

Question 16

The pillar of Ashoka with its lion capital shows a strong influence coming from which of the following groups?

A) Achaemenids
B) Sumerians
C) Greeks
D) Romans

Question 17

The Aryan religion centered on sacrifice and ritual enactment. Which of the following would be part of the ritual practice?

A) fire
B) water
C) image of Indra
D) multiple images of the gods

Question 18

The Aryans, a mobile herding people, came to India from ____.

A) China
B) Iran
C) Anatolia
D) Central Asia

Question 19

One explanation for the sexually explicit images at Khajuraho relates them to which of the following?

A) fertility and the propagation of life
B) Greco-Roman influences
C) Buddhist practices
D) Khmer influences

Question 20

Kanishka struck coins with images of Buddha, various Hindu deities, Greco-Roman deities, and portraits of himself. Which of the following was the model for these coins?

A) Hellenistic coins
B) Indus Valley coins
C) Roman coins
D) Chinese coins

Question 21

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) Buddha
B) Vishnu
C) Shiva
D) Harihara

Question 22

Theravada Buddhism continues in which of the following countries?

A) Sri Lanka
B) China
C) Java
D) Pakistan

Question 23

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) chaitya hall
B) torana
C) mudra
D) yakshi

Question 24

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) Ramayana
B) Bodhisattva
C) Disappointed Mistress
D) Shiva Mahadeva

Question 25

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) Bayon, Angkor Thom
B) Stupa, Borobudur
C) Vishvanatha Temple, Khajuraho
D) rock-cut temple

Question 26

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) Sri Lanka
B) Java
C) Cambodia
D) Angkor Wat

Question 27

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) Mohenjo-daro
B) Sanchi
C) Harappa
D) Deogarh

Question 28

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) Ajanta
B) Sarnath
C) Sanchi
D) Mamallapuram

Question 29

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) chaitya
B) torana
C) mandala
D) mandapa

Question 30

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) First Sermon
B) Wheel of the Law
C) Birth of Buddha
D) Moment of Enlightenment

Question 31

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) Khajuraho
B) Angkor Wat
C) Mamallapuram
D) Borobudur

Question 32

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) Vishnu Lying on the Cosmic Ocean
B) Ashoka
C) Siddhartha
D) Jayavarman II

Question 33

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) Shiva
B) Vishnu
C) Bodhisattva
D) Shakyamuni

Question 34

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) Vishnu
B) Ganesha
C) Shiva as Mahadeva
D) Buddha

Question 35

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) Temple of Shiva
B) Temple of Devi
C) Temple of Vishnu
D) Temple of Durga

Question 36

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) King Suryavarman II
B) Prince Siddhartha
C) Ashoka
D) Buddha

Question 37

The Vishnu Temple at Deogarh has guardians and mithuna protecting the doorway. Why is this done?

A) this sculptural device was always used
B) to protect the temple from evil
C) it is a transition point between the dangerous outside and the sacred interior
D) it conforms to Buddhist tradition

Question 38

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) Avatar of Vishnu
B) Shiva Nataraja
C) Buddha
D) Harihara

Question 39

The Bayon, a temple in Cambodia with its gigantic faces, is thought to represent which of the following?

A) Suryavarman II
B) Lokeshvara, Lord of the World
C) Shiva, Lord of the Dance
D) Ashoka

Question 40

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) Angkor Wat
B) Sarnath
C) Mohenjo-daro
D) Sanchi

Question 41

What is the meaning of the Shiva Nataraja?

Question 42

What are the Ajanta caves and why are they important?

Question 43

Who was Jayavarman II?

Question 44

How do the reliefs of the chaitya hall, Karle, reflect Buddhist and Hindu beliefs?

Question 45

Who was Ashoka and why is he significant?

Question 46

Describe Theravada Buddhism and how it is significant to figural art.

Question 47

How do the toranos of Sanchi reflect Buddhism?

Question 48

How does the Hindu temple relate to the belief system?

Question 49

How does Vishvanatha Temple symbolize the birthplace of Shiva?

Question 50

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) granite
B) gray schist
C) polished sandstone
D) marble

Question 51

How is Borobudur unique in its Buddhist appearance?

Question 52

Contrast the esthetic effect of a Hindu temple and a Buddhist temple. Use examples to support your essay.

Question 53

What is a stupa, and how does it reflect Buddhism?

Question 54

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) Durga Praying to the Buffalo Demon
B) Descent of the Ganges River
C) Bodhisattva Maitreya
D) Durga Slaying the Buffalo Demon

Question 55

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) Mauryan royal motif
B) Yakshi
C) Buddha
D) Durga

Question 56

How does Angkor Wat reflect the glory of the king?

Question 57

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) Descent of the Ganges
B) Durga Slaying the Buffalo Demon
C) Yakshi
D) Penance of Arga

Question 58

Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.

A) Yakshi
B) Standing Buddha
C) Bodhisattva
D) Lakshana

Question 59

Name the three most important Hindu deities and their attributes.

Question 60

Describe the monumental stupa type.

Question 61

Evaluate the representations of Shiva as Mahadeva and Shiva as Nataraja. How did these representations change to conform to the aspects of the god?

Question 62

Discuss the political overtones of Angkor Wat. How does the iconography satisfy the religious intent and yet serve as a political vehicle for the king. Use examples to support your essay.

Question 63

How do these images reflect the essence of Shiva?

Question 64

What tradition do these figures represent?

Question 65

Discuss the representation of the human figure in Hindu architecture. Use examples to support your essay.

Question 66

How do these two images reflect Indian motifs for religious architecture?

Question 67

Compare the relationship between the ruler and the gods in ancient Cambodia with Ashoka and Buddhism in India. How was it manifested in art? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 68

In what way were Buddhist thought related to Hindu ideas, how do they relate to the meaning of human existence, and how were those concepts manifested in the visual arts? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 69

Compare and contrast the representation of Buddha in the Gandhara and Mathura traditions. Use examples to support your essay.

Question 70

In what way did Indian sculpture influence Southeast Asia? How did this influence impact Southeast Asian sculpture? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 71

What was the purpose of each structure? What do they have in common stylistically, politically, and religiously?

Question 72

How do these two images represent the divine nature of the god?

Question 73

Discuss the iconography of Buddhism as represented in the Great Stupa of Sanchi and Borobudur. Consider the political implications found in each monument. Use examples to support your essay.

Question 74

Compare the representations of the Buddha from Gandhara, Mathura, Gal Vihara and Borobudur. How does each of these works reflect their respective creating cultures? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 75

Compare the images; how do they mirror the subject matter of kingly leadership?

Question 76

Who is Devi?

Question 77

How does each work define the visual vocabulary of its respective period?

Question 78

How do these images reflect the particular religious beliefs they illustrate?

Question 79

What was the function of each image?

Question 80

How is this a forerunner of later freestanding temples?