Deck 26: Rococo to Neoclassicism: the 18th Century in Europe and America

Question 1

How did the work of Hogarth present a "moral tone"?

Answer 1

His work satirized the social milieu of the day. He presented the immoralities of the elite, documenting their vices and their failures. He presented his work as a series of chapters in a book or scenes from a play. The viewer follows the characters, visually, through their mean and dishonest lives. Hogarth's work was very popular as it could be easily understood and the final episode always ended with the main characters recanting their lifestyles.

Question 2

The influences of Vitruvius, Palladio, and Inigo Jones are most apparent in which of the following?

A) Houses of Parliament
B) Monticello
C) Chiswick House
D) Panthéon

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following architects were the most influential in Thomas Jefferson's re-design of Monticello?

A) Palladio and Robert Adam
B) Soufflot and Vignon
C) Palladio and Soufflot
D) Vignon and Robert Adam

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following works functions as an "altarpiece" for the new civic religion of inspiring the viewer with the martyr's dedication to service?

A) Death of Marat
B) Death of General Wolfe
C) Cornelia, Presenting Her Children as Her Treasures or Mother of the Gracchi
D) Oath of the Horatii

Question 5

Which of the following eighteenth-century philosophers stressed the importance of the natural goodness of human beings and was an important forerunner of the Romantic sensibility?

A) Isaac Newton
B) Voltaire
C) John Locke
D) Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 6

The artist whose work best spoke for the French Revolution was which of the following?

A) Angelica Kauffmann
B) Jacques-Louis David
C) Honoré Fragonard
D) Élizabeth Vigée-Lebrun

Question 7

The Return from Cythera represents a group of lovers preparing to depart from the island of eternal youth. Watteau emphasized that elegance and grace using which of the following?

A) form
B) shape
C) line
D) color

Question 8

Who was Johann Winckelmann, and what was his importance in the history of art?

Question 9

Neoclassicism invoked classical references of patriotism and trust in unshakable authority serving imperial agendas. Which of the following leaders embraced these aspects of Neoclassicism?

A) Thomas Jefferson
B) Napoleon
C) George IV
D) George Washington

Question 10

How does Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun represent eighteenth-century portraiture?

Question 11

Vigée-Lebrun portrayed herself as a self-confident painter looking directly at the viewer (and pausing to return their gaze) this has been copied from an earlier artist. Which of the following is that artist?

A) Artemisia Gentileschi
B) Caravaggio
C) Judith Leyster
D) Vermeer

Question 12

How does Jean-Antoine Houdon's George Washington make reference to the Roman Republic?

Question 13

At the turn of the century, the French Academy was divided rather sharply between two doctrines. Which taught that color was the most important element?

A) Grand Manner
B) Rubenistes
C) Poussinistes
D) Naturalists

Question 14

What is the name of the specific style of Rococo painting that depicted the outdoor amusements and entertainments of the upper classes?

A) fête galante
B) pays bonheur
C) sans souci
D) fête de jour

Question 15

How did historical fact replace the fanciful notions of Rome and its ancient society?

A) the monumental work of Edward Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
B) the work of Johann Winckelmann, History of Ancient Art
C) the paintings of David
D) the discovery and excavations of Herculaneum and Pompeii

Question 16

What type of subject matter did "veduta" painting portray?

Question 17

A leading advocate of the Enlightenment in France was which of the following?

A) Louis XVI
B) Voltaire
C) Isaac Newton
D) John Lock

Question 18

Who was the artist who portrayed contemporaries participating in the great events of the latter half of the eighteenth century?

A) Gainsborough
B) Stubbs
C) Wright of Derby
D) Reynolds

Question 19

What is "Grand manner Portraiture"?

Question 20

The Age of Enlightenment had its roots in which of the following centuries?

A) early sixteenth century
B) mid-sixteenth century
C) seventeenth century
D) eighteenth century

Question 21

What was the political meaning attributed to David's Oath of the Horatii?

Question 22

In what way do these works differ?

Question 23

Evaluate the influence the discovery and excavation of Pompeii and Herculaneum had on late 18th century and early 19th century Europe. How did these sites re-shape the visual arts? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 24

How does this depict a successful "history" painting?

Question 25

Select three works of art or architecture from the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Assess these works as representational of the styles and periods from these centuries. How do they conform to the philosophies and ideologies of their styles? How do they inform the viewer of the environment, and how do they reflect the artist and the country of origin?

Question 26

How do the moods expressed differ? Which do you feel is the most expressive?

Question 27

How did Balthasar Neumann create a new interior effect in a roughly traditional basilican plan church?

Question 28

Compare the painting styles of Labille-Guiard and Vigée-Lebrun.

Question 29

To which category of painting does this belong and why is it significant?

Question 30

How does the subject of this work reflect the Enlightenment?

Question 31

Contrast the work of Vigée-Lebrun and Kaufmann. How does each artist reflect their environment and how do they each define their work? Use examples to support your essay.