Deck 27: Romanticism, Realism, Photography: Europe and America, 1800 to 1870

Question 1

La Madeleine in Paris was intended for which of the following purposes?

A) a temple of glory for Napoleon's armies
B) a center of the nineteenth-century Jesuit revival
C) a monument to the success of middle-class bankers
D) a monument to the success of French revolutionary leaders

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following artists had firsthand knowledge and experience of the American Civil War?

A) Thomas Eakins
B) John Singer Sargent
C) Henry Tanner
D) Winslow Homer

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The mood in The Thankful Poor by Tanner is one of quiet devotion, not far removed from the Realism of which of the following artists?

A) Courbet
B) Millet
C) Manet
D) Sargent

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The great "Romantic dialogue" about color and form was carried on in the famous contest between which of the following artists?

A) Delacroix and Courbet
B) Girodet-Troison and Gros
C) Delacroix and Ingres
D) Ingres and Géricault

Question 5

Muybridge used his device, the zoopraxiscope to project a series of images. Based on the motion studies he performed, Muybridge proved that the brain holds whatever the eye sees for a fraction of a second after the eye stops seeing it. The illusion of motion was created. Which of the following was also created as a result of the illusion of motion?

A) the illusion of fractured change
B) the reality of continuous change
C) the illusion of broken change
D) the illusion of continuous change

Question 6

François Rude's sculpture La Marseillaise for the Arc de Triomphe represents which of the following moments in French history?

A) Louis XV's entry on the battlefield
B) a mythical battle
C) the people of France protecting their borders against foreign enemies of the revolution
D) the birth of individual freedoms in the country

Question 7

The term "sublime" was considered to inspire which of the following feelings?

A) heroic action
B) sentimentality
C) awe mixed with terror
D) the natural goodness of all beings

Question 8

Courbet preferred to paint which of the following themes?

A) mythology in the Pompeian style
B) the "beautiful" as defined by the Academy
C) realistic scenes as he saw them
D) scenes of suffering, pathos, and ecstasy

Question 9

Which of the following artists represented what was called the "sublime" in eighteenth-century art?

A) Jacques-Louis David
B) Gainsborough
C) Henry Fuseli
D) Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun

Question 10

Which of the following artists painted in the United States?

A) Friedrich
B) Constable
C) Turner
D) Cole

Question 11

In Rosa Bonheur's most famous work, The Horse Fair, the dramatic lighting, loose brushwork, and rolling sky reveal her admiration for which of the following artists?

A) Géricault
B) Manet
C) Courbet
D) Millet

Question 12

Sargent, an expatriate American artist living and working in London, developed a style of applying paint in thin layers in order to create a quick and lively illusion. He learned this technique after studying which of the following works?

A) Mrs. Richard Brinsley Sheridan
B) Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp
C) Las Meninas
D) Conversion of St. Paul

Question 13

In Rossetti's Beata Beatrix, the model for this image was the artist's wife, Elizabeth Siddal. She died shortly before Rossetti began the panting. He incorporated two symbols commemorating her death. Which of the following is one of those symbols?

A) black dove
B) white dove
C) red dove
D) blue dove

Question 14

The French viewing public were greatly horrified by Manet's Olympia not only because of the portrayal of a naked prostitute as a work of art but also due to which of the following?

A) her look of coyness
B) her look of pleasure
C) her look of cool indifference and shamelessness
D) her look of embarrassment

Question 15

How did Bouguereau depict fictional themes or mythological subjects in his paintings?

A) Through the use of polished illusionism
B) Through the use of radical representation
C) Through the use of rough techniques
D) Through the use of non-traditional representation

Question 16

Which of the following artists was most concerned with painting realistic scenes of poor and oppressed peoples?

A) Courbet
B) Eakins
C) Bouguereau
D) Bonheur

Question 17

Courbet used which of the following techniques in the The Stonebreakers to convey the drudgery of manual labor?

A) use of a palette of dirty browns and grays
B) use of soft pastels for the stones
C) use of swirling, diagonal line
D) use of bright color to highlight the labor

Question 18

Géricault's Raft of the Medusa represents which of the following?

A) a Romantic dream image
B) the aftermath of a nineteenth-century French shipwreck and was considered an attack on government ineptitude
C) a piece of historical Romanticism related to the Greek war for independence
D) the Gothic emphasis on terror and the sublime

Question 19

In his painting, ____, Thomas Eakins portrayed things as he saw them and not as the public might want them portrayed.

A) Three Women in a Village Church
B) The Thankful Poor
C) The Gross Clinic
D) Beata Beatrix

Question 20

Timothy O'Sullivan documented which of the following wars?

A) American Civil War
B) War of Spanish Succession
C) Crimean War
D) Boer War

Question 21

What features of John Constable's landscapes reveal a kinship with Romantic artists?

Question 22

What is the interpretation of Goya's Saturn Devouring his Children?

Question 23

What was the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood?

Question 24

Which artist did Leland Stanford, governor of California, consult with in order to win a bet about motion and what was the bet?

Question 25

How does the work of Bouguereau favor state patronage in the late nineteenth century?

Question 26

Who studied with Eakins before moving to Paris?

A) Whistler
B) Cassatt
C) Tanner
D) Muybridge

Question 27

How did Henry Fuseli evoke horror and possibly the dark terrain of the human subconscious in his artwork?

Question 28

How did Timothy O'Sullivan's A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1863 respond as a new medium and how did it impact the nation?

Question 29

How did Friedrich achieve a balance between the inner and outer experience in his landscape paintings?

Question 30

Which of the following conditions is characteristic of the 19ᵗʰ century agrarian working class and is missing from the Haywain by Constable?

A) love of the land
B) civil unrest
C) participation in home markets
D) bondage to wealthy landowners

Question 31

What was the drawback to "wet-plate" processing?

Question 32

How did Thomas Cole respond to America's direction as a civilization?

Question 33

What did Thomas Eakins believe was a prerequisite for his art?

A) knowledge
B) poetry
C) fortune
D) support

Question 34

How does Blake's Ancient of Days embody the Romantic spirit?

Question 35

How does the Coronation of Napoleon represent the Neoclassical style?

Question 36

Who among the following artists liked to paint images of the Romantic transcendental landscape?

A) Cole
B) Friedrich
C) Turner
D) Bierstadt

Question 37

How did Daumier impact French society in the 19ᵗʰ century?

Question 38

How was photography perceived in the early 19ᵗʰ century?

Question 39

Julia Margaret Cameron used a short focal length lens that allowed only a small area of sharp focus. What kind of effect would a lens like this produce?

A) small, intimate images
B) precise character studies
C) ethereal, dreamlike images
D) intense, psychological images

Question 40

Briefly describe Realism in the United States.

Question 41

Contrast landscape painting in Europe and the United States in the early 19ᵗʰ century. What are the sociopolitical differences in landscape painting? Discuss at least three countries in your essay and use examples to support your argument.

Question 42

Compare Manet's Olympia and Millais's Ophelia. How does each work represent the artist and his period?

Question 43

What question does the artist raise in this painting?

Question 44

Describe the various types of revival styles found in eighteenth-century and nineteenth-century architecture. Use examples to support your response.

Question 45

What event did the artist depict and how did he ensure the accuracy of the representation?

Question 46

Why is this work described as a mixture of styles and how did that affect the perception of Ingres' art?

Question 47

What influenced the design of the façade and what message did the architecture communicate?

Question 48

Who created this work, and what did it lead to?

Question 49

How do each of these works display characteristics of the Romantic movement?

Question 50

Why did this work have a negative reaction from French society during the 19ᵗʰ century?

Question 51

How does this painting epitomize Romanticism?

Question 52

Why were some of the subjects of Realist artists considered subversive?

Question 53

What is the significance of Courbet's style for the Realist movement?

Question 54

Contrast Constable's The Haywain with Bierstadt's Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California. What are the sociopolitical overtones of each work and how do they represent their respective countries and environments?

Question 55

Explain the ways in which the interest in the sentimental, the heroic, and the sublime was expressed in art. Use examples to support your response.

Question 56

Describe the impact of photography on the nineteenth century landscape. How did it affect painting? What were the political implications of the medium? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 57

Contrast the work of Millet and Courbet. How did they visually respond to the social climate of their period? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 58

Compare and contrast the works of Eakins and Manet. How does each artist relate to his respective environment? How does each artist reflect the art of the nineteenth century? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 59

How does the work of Goya relate to artistic movements of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 60

How does this work reflect Realist tenets?