Deck 25: Foundations of the European States

Question 1

Which of the following was true of Louis XIV's War of the Spanish Succession?

A) The war lasted about two decades and bankrupted France.
B) The peace treaty ending the conflict placed a member of the French Bourbons on the Spanish throne, but imposed a condition that the two countries would never truly unite.
C) The chief winner of the war was England, because their navy was strongest.
D) The war bankrupted Spain, which was forced to allow French trade in its Caribbean colonies.
E) the war finally ended the conflict between Spain and France for control of Europe, leaving England in control.

Answer 1

The peace treaty ending the conflict placed a member of the French Bourbons on the Spanish throne, but imposed a condition that the two countries would never truly unite.

Question 2

What do the ideas of Hobbes and Locke reveal concerning political thought and awareness during the 17^th century? How did both break with tradition regarding the basis of monarchical authority?

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Describe the reign of Louis XIV. To what extent did it represent the zenith of the absolutist ideology?

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Explain the historical background of modern Russia. What forces and institutions made that country unique in Europe? give some reasons why Russia lagged behind France and England.

Question 5

Explain England's Glorious Revolution, and evaluate the changes that took place in its aftermath.

Question 6

Cite personalities and events of the period from 1603 to 1688 which illustrate the triumph of the British Parliamentary system.

Question 7

When asked to define "the state," Louis XIV supposedly said,

A) "The state cannot be defined."
B) "The state is what the monarch says it is."
C) "The state is all of the citizenry working in concert."
D) "I am the state."
E) "Kings and parliaments comprise the state."

Question 8

The big winners of the Thirty Years' War were

A) England and Holland.
B) France and Sweden.
C) Spain and Portugal.
D) Austria and Hanover.
E) England and Spain.

Question 9

Creation of intendants and suppression of the political nobility were hallmarks of

A) Henry IV.
B) Mazarin.
C) Richelieu.
D) Cromwell.
E) Charles I.

Question 10

Spain was relegated to second class status in the 1600s in part because it

A) was the site of much fighting during the Thirty Years' War.
B) failed to grow its economy.
C) held to a rigid Catholicism.
D) hoarded the silver extracted from its South American mines.
E) failed to make an attempt to defend the Mediterranean from a Turkish advance.

Question 11

Most of the Bourbon kings faced one overriding problem, that of

A) an unhappy peasantry.
B) the threat of foreign invasion.
C) lack of finances sufficient to run the country.
D) poor relations with the Church.
E) a power-hungry nobility.

Question 12

One result of the Thirty Years' War was

A) a stronger role for the German states in Europe, as well as for Sweden.
B) full independence for the Dutch Protestants, who had been ruled by Spain.
C) a period of resurgence for the Ottoman Empire.
D) the reimplementation of the terms of the Peace of Augsburg.
E) a long period of peace between Spain and Portugal.

Question 13

Demonstrate why the Thirty Years' War and the Treaty of Westphalia served as major "turning points." Discuss the long-term consequences.

Question 14

Explain Prussia's remarkable rise to a position of power during the 17^th and 18^th centuries.

Question 15

The first modern peace treaty was that of

A) Westphalia.
B) Nantes.
C) Bohemia.
D) Paris.
E) Utrecht.

Question 16

Evaluate the relative effectiveness of Ivan IV and Peter I in developing and enhancing Tsarist absolutism.

Question 17

Explain the major ways in which Eastern Europe differed from Western Europe during the 17^th and 18^th centuries.

Question 18

When Elizabeth I died unmarried and childless, the English throne passed to

A) Charles I.
B) James VI of Scotland.
C) her niece Anne.
D) Henry VII.
E) George I.

Question 19

Explain the rationale behind 17^th century absolutism. What element of society would find that concept attractive? Why? Which group or groups would resent it? Why?

Question 20

The longest reign of any European monarch was that of

A) Louis XIII.
B) Henry IV.
C) Louis XIV.
D) Elizabeth I.
E) Charles I.

Question 21

The message conveyed by Hobbes' Leviathan was in brief that

A) humanity would find its way to a better future.
B) humanity could make more progress once religion was abolished.
C) humanity was irredeemably stained by original sin.
D) humanity recognized its need for a strong government to maintain control of society.
E) humanity by nature would do good if taught to do so.

Question 22

Put these English governments in the correct chronological order:

A) Charles I, Commonwealth, Charles II, James II
B) Charles I, Charles II, Commonwealth, James II
C) Charles I, Commonwealth, James II, Charles II
D) James II, Charles I, Commonwealth, Charles II
E) Commonwealth, Charles I, James I, Charles II

Question 23

Regarding the proper role of government, the Russian clergy believed that

A) there should be complete separation of church and state.
B) the church should work with the civil government but play a somewhat subordinate role.
C) the Russian people wanted the civil government to serve as final authority.
D) God intended for the civil leaders to have greater authority.
E) the two entities should work together with equal spheres of influence.

Question 24

James I's most notable achievement was his

A) implementation of the Test Act.
B) conquest of Gibraltar.
C) constitutional reforms.
D) alliance with France.
E) backing of a modern translation of the Bible.

Question 25

The best description of the period during which Cromwell ruled England's Commonwealth would be

A) extremely unsettled.
B) calm but concerned.
C) frightening.
D) inward-looking.
E) popular.

Question 26

In the German provinces after the Thirty Years' War,

A) most people clung to Catholicism.
B) each prince chose the religion of his subjects.
C) the distrust and animosities so prevalent before the war began to dissipate.
D) the majority of the people converted to Protestantism.
E) the people were about evenly divided between Protestantism and Catholicism.

Question 27

The significance of England's Glorious Revolution was that

A) the people actually pushed for the calling of William and Mary to take the helm.
B) Parliament, representing the people, took sovereignty away from the British monarch for good.
C) William and Mary became beloved leaders who ruled for several decades.
D) England obtained a standing army and kept it, even during times of peace.
E) James II was removed from the throne.

Question 28

"An army without a country" most strongly described

A) Prussia.
B) Poland.
C) Austria.
D) Russia.
E) Turkey.

Question 29

Absolute monarchy was able to develop more effectively in Eastern Europe because of

A) unstable borders.
B) middle-class expansion.
C) Muslim-Christian conflicts.
D) the ability of noble landlords to maintain feudalism.
E) lack of education on the part of the peasants.

Question 30

William and Mary, and Anne were followed by kings of this dynasty:

A) Bourbon
B) Habsburg
C) Hanoverian
D) Stuart
E) Cromwellian

Question 31

The "Mongol Yoke" that controlled Russia for about two and a half centuries

A) killed off missions of Russian peasants.
B) was only defeated after a peasant rebellion that resulted in the deaths of thousands.
C) held sway in Russia well into the late 1600s.
D) resulted in a much weaker government, one that would find it difficult to take firm control after the Mongols were gone.
E) contributed to Russia's lack of awareness about the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution.

Question 32

The Prussian ruler, Frederick William, the Great Elector, was responsible for

A) loading Prussia through the Seven Years' War.
B) establishing Prussia's first professional standing army.
C) doubling the revenues available to his country.
D) helping defeat Austria during the Seven Years' War.
E) ending feudalism in his domains.

Question 33

Which of the following was true of Maria Theresa?

A) She chose to divide her empire into provinces in order to decentralize the government.
B) She was the first and only female Austrian leader.
C) Under her leadership, Austria won Silesia during the War of the Austrian Succession.
D) She abdicated in favor of her son Joseph when he came of age in 1780.
E) Contemporaries suggested the empress regretted that she selected Joseph over his brother Leopold.

Question 34

Leviathan 's political message is basically

A) democratic.
B) pessimistic.
C) idealistic.
D) apathetic.
E) autocratic.

Question 35

Under Peter the Great, serfdom

A) was abolished.
B) became more rigid.
C) became somewhat more lenient.
D) was temporarily suspended.
E) was applied to the entire peasantry.

Question 36

Russia, from 1613, was ruled by this dynasty:

A) Habsburg
B) Hohenzollern
C) Romanov
D) Poniatowski
E) Muscovite

Question 37

The Habsburg Dynasty acquired Hungary and Bohemia through

A) peace treaties.
B) marital alliances.
C) political alliances.
D) default, after the Ottoman Empire began to decline.
E) purchase of the lands from Turkey.

Question 38

In Eastern Europe, unlike the situation in the West, the monarchs compromised extensively with

A) urban merchants.
B) noble landlords.
C) peasants.
D) Catholic priests.
E) Lutherans.

Question 39

Diplomacy during what conflict elevated Frederick I to King of Prussia?

A) Thirty Years' War
B) the war between Prussia and Turkey
C) War of the Austrian Succession
D) War of the Spanish Succession
E) war with the Mongols

Question 40

As Lord Protector of England, Oliver Cromwell

A) enjoyed the support of a large majority of the population.
B) quelled numerous rebellions, including those in Ireland and Scotland.
C) was less successful than his son, who succeeded him.
D) enjoyed cordial relations with the Parliament.
E) oversaw the restoration of Charles II to the throne.

Question 41

The Thirty Years' War began as a rebellion of ____________________ in Bohemia.

Question 42

Most of the fighting and destruction of the Thirty Years' War took place in ____________________.

Question 43

King ____________________ (1660-1685) achieved the Restoration of the British monarchy.

Question 44

After the execution of ____________________, Parliament declared England to be a\an ____________________.

Question 45

The 18^th century Habsburgs ruled over the major areas of ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________.

Question 46

Intendants were French royal governors first set in place by ____________________ ____________________.

Question 47

James II's Catholic prejudices led to the ____________________ ____________________.

Question 48

The most concrete result of the Glorious Revolution was the creation of the ____________________ ____________________ ____________________.

Question 49

Prussia during the 18^th century had priorities of a mainly ____________________ nature.

Question 50

Louis XIV's palace from which he wielded absolute power was ____________________.