Deck 43: A Fragile Balance: Europe in the Twenties

Question 1

After World War II, Western governments were more inclined to adopt Keynesian economic theories, meaning that they were more willing to

A) put more money into circulation even though that often leads to recessions.
B) print more paper money, even though that might devalue the currency.
C) create jobs from the top down, even if giving a false picture of a country's real economic situation.
D) juggle the books to make the economy seem stronger than it was.
E) issue bonds for local building projects.

Answer 1

print more paper money, even though that might devalue the currency.

Question 2

The "universal blight" for eastern Europeans during the 1920s, according to your text, was

A) industrial unrest.
B) Nazism.
C) nationalist antagonisms.
D) Bolshevik peasant uprisings.
E) unclear borders.

Answer 2

nationalist antagonisms.

Question 3

Account for the survival of Weimar democracy in Germany throughout the 1920s. What dangers did the government face, and under what burdens did it operate?

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

By the end of the 1920s, the overall mood internationally may best be described as

A) hopeful.
B) depressed.
C) paranoid.
D) pessimistic.
E) radical.

Question 5

How profoundly did the Europe of the 1920s differ from that at the beginning of the Second Industrial Revolution? What changes had occurred, and what were the implications for the future?

Question 6

What elements must be present in order for a regime to be considered totalitarian? On the basis of these criteria, does Mussolini's Italy qualify as such? Why or why not?

Question 7

Mussolini made his political debut as

A) a communist organizer in postwar Italy.
B) a strikebreaker.
C) a military officer.
D) a liberal parliamentary delegate.
E) a writer of scathing editorials against the government.

Question 8

During the interwar years of the 1920s and 1930s, politics in America underwent a major change, as

A) party membership broadened to include people from all walks of life.
B) parties began to appeal to people largely on the basis of whether they espoused liberal or conservative ideals.
C) political parties tended to represent single interest groups in an attempt to woo voters by sector.
D) parties pretty much closed ranks based on class membership.
E) political parties began to try to appeal to women voters, with the result that women's issues took center stage.

Question 9

Analyze Mussolini's corporate regime: What elements contributed to its popularity?

Question 10

During the period between the wars, Great Britain's laboring class experienced

A) a loss of purchasing power.
B) a steady rise in earning power.
C) a successful general strike.
D) chronic unemployment.
E) increased productivity.

Question 11

In terms of international relations, the peak movement of understanding between nations during the 1920s occurred with the

A) Paris Treaties.
B) Locarno Pact.
C) Kellogg-Briand Pact.
D) Washington Conference.
E) League of Nations.

Question 12

"Thinking with the blood" refers primarily to the concept of

A) class struggle.
B) anti-rationalism, or instincts above logic.
C) fear of conspiracies.
D) the wartime economy.
E) a proletarian revolution.

Question 13

Today's world economy often seems to be based on the concept of

A) "robbing Peter to pay Paul."
B) the law of supply and demand.
C) survival of the fittest.
D) both a and b
E) both a and c

Question 14

Describe and discuss the considerations motivating the Western liberal democracies during the inter-war years. How did the fear of communism affect foreign policy during the period?

Question 15

In a totalitarian regime, "the people" refers to

A) members of the political party in control of the government.
B) government leaders.
C) those willing to give over control to a supreme leader.
D) members of the majority ethnic group.
E) all citizens who are not a part of the formal military structure.

Question 16

Keynesian economics placed added emphasis on the role of

A) the World Bank.
B) private enterprise.
C) government.
D) the military.
E) international trade.

Question 17

The most pressing problem for eastern European countries in the interwar years was

A) a lack of knowledgeable government leaders.
B) a subsistence agriculture-based economy.
C) a fear of communism.
D) a low literacy rate.
E) rampant unemployment.

Question 18

The 1926 general strike in Great Britain was designed to publicize

A) massive unemployment.
B) France's treatment of Germany.
C) involvement in international affairs.
D) mistreatment of labor by management.
E) emigration restrictions.

Question 19

In the totalitarian scheme, the state itself becomes

A) the property of all of its people.
B) an instrument of imperialism.
C) the symbol of the Leader's will.
D) an irrelevancy to be abolished.
E) the cement binding the Leader to the people.

Question 20

Analyze the influence of Marxism and the perceptions of the Soviet State during the 1920s and 1930s.

Question 21

Mussolini played upon the fears of a\an ____________________ takeover to facilitate his assumption of power.

Question 22

An economic crisis was set off in Germany by the 1923 French occupation of the ____________________.

Question 23

In the Western world in 1929, most educated people would probably have been best described as

A) worried about the economy but hopeful for the future.
B) still angry over al of the losses during the war.
C) more afraid of communism than ever before.
D) certain that there was no need to fear Italy's fascists.
E) in much better shape economically and hopeful for a peaceful future.

Question 24

The government of the Weimar Republic

A) assembled a coalition of several political parties in order to repel attempts by communists to take over.
B) was forced to accept the Versailles Treaty, and it took quite a bit of effort to convince the German people that they really had no choice.
C) adopted a liberal, democratic constitution but could not earn the acceptance of the people, due to simmering resentment over the signing of the treaty.
D) put down numerous coups with the help of the strong German military.
E) was doomed from its inception and everyone, even those who wrote the new constitution, knew that was true.

Question 25

Mussolini came to power in Italy in 1922, and by 1924 he had managed to

A) win a fraudulent election that made it seem as if he were the people's choice.
B) invaded and occupied Ethiopia in North Africa.
C) pulled Italy out of the League of Nations.
D) rigged elections and put his fascist party in control of the parliament.
E) turn Italy into a near-perfect totalitarian state.

Question 26

A true totalitarian government must always be

A) struggling against real or perceived enemies of the state.
B) using force to be sure the leader's will is carried out.
C) taking action whether it makes sense or not.
D) both a and b
E) both a and c

Question 27

Under a totalitarian government, all political parties could be eliminated because

A) the leader would not allow elections anyway.
B) everything would be decided by the leader, in his capacity of ruling for the people because they shared a mystic bond.
C) parliaments would take their places.
D) the courts would interpret the people's will.
E) all of the people would be in accord in an ideal environment.

Question 28

Totalitarianism refers to a political system that is at least partially successful in trying to

A) suppress all dissent within a country.
B) impose total control over individuals' lives.
C) make sure that all eligible males serve in the military.
D) both a and b
E) both a and c

Question 29

As the decade of the 1920s drew toward a close, it appeared that

A) the Soviet Union was about to make a move on eastern Europe.
B) most European countries were on their way to a full recovery from the war.
C) the Soviet Union was almost ready to take Germany's side against France.
D) an economic bubble created by circular loans was about to burst.
E) European countries, except for Germany, were close to full employment levels.

Question 30

The French sent troops to occupy Germany's Ruhr Valley

A) when Germany rebelled and refused to make any reparations payments.
B) in order to prove to the Germans that any resistance on their part would not be tolerated.
C) in 1919, after France realized that German Reich marks were fast losing their value, making reparations worthless.
D) after Germany requested a pause in reparations payments in 1923.
E) after their attempted negotiations with the Germans over reparations payments broke down in 1922.

Question 31

The Dawes Plan was designed to

A) help the French obtain reparations payments from the Germans.
B) help Germany obtain a moratorium on reparations payments.
C) help rebuild eastern European cities that had been heavily damaged by the war.
D) help the Eastern European states develop democratic governments.
E) facilitate a large loan from the United States to the government of Germany.

Question 32

Of America's involvement in World War I, it would be accurate to say that

A) the country went so far into debt that most people were saying it would never recover.
B) where the economy was concerned, the war had been a good thing.
C) the stock market reacted negatively when the war ended, since people feared that manufacturing would decline.
D) most Americans hated the necessity of the war but continued to believe it had been necessary.
E) Americans gained a new perspective on their role as the world's policeman.

Question 33

Britain's Labour party came into existence mainly due to

A) its desire to oust Marxism and socialism from the country.
B) several union strikes that had shaken the general public's confidence in the parties involved in the strikes.
C) the extended depression and high unemployment rate the British experienced.
D) the realization that the older states had allowed the United States and Germany to outpace them technologically.
E) the split within the Liberal party over whether general strikes should or should not be called.

Question 34

France's greatest concern during the 1920s was

A) where to find husbands for all the women left behind by the country's loss of about 1.5 million men.
B) whether Germany was going to pay France the money due them.
C) that people in the seized territories of Alsace and Lorraine might demand a referendum to see if they wanted to belong to Germany or France.
D) being in the unenviable position of fearing Germany's strength but feeling that no matter what Germany did, another war was out of the question.
E) whether its people felt "French enough" to fight off German aggression.

Question 35

Fascist economics was best exemplified by

A) playing a large enough role to provide direction but leaving private property alone.
B) doling out government contracts to party supporters whether or not they were profitable companies.
C) playing workers and management against each other.
D) the building of highways and the provision of monetary support for the peasants.
E) the implementation of pregnancy leaves and vacation pay for workers.

Question 36

"Chauvinist nationalism"

A) was more prevalent in Western than in eastern Europe.
B) made certain that minorities within countries were not overlooked.
C) led to new calls for self-determination in eastern Europe.
D) brought new political parties into power in most of the European countries during the 1920s.
E) evolved into an extremely negative attitude toward any and all minorities.

Question 37

The most painful and crippling requirement of the Paris Peace Treaty upon the German Republic was the bill for ____________________.

Question 38

Italy was in a bad way after World War I for all of the following except which of these?

A) unrest because of the way the country was treated at the Paris peace talks.
B) the loss of many skilled people due to emigration to the United States.
C) a sense of being ruled by a parliamentary government that most Italians considered too liberal.
D) the loss of wartime contracts that led to massive unemployment.
E) the failure of the government to plan ahead for how to take care of the people after the war.

Question 39

The best support for the ideas of Marx came from the degree of industrialization achieved by

A) Germany.
B) Italy.
C) France.
D) the United States.
E) the Soviet Union.

Question 40

By the 1920s, the instrument for determining the people's will in democratic societies had become the mass ____________________ ____________________.

Question 41

The only Eastern European state to preserve its constitution throughout the inter-war period was ____________________.

Question 42

The ____________________ on ____________________ brought Mussolini to power in ____________________ in 1922.

Question 43

In a totalitarian state, the ____________________ would be; the ____________________, nothing.

Question 44

As a result of the ____________________ ____________________ ____________________, Mussolini was appointed Italy's premier the king.

Question 45

____________________ is defined as the sentiment\political movement of a national minority to break away and unite with a neighboring country.

Question 46

The U.S. sponsored ____________________ ____________________ persuaded France to leave the ____________________ and give up some reparations payments in hopes that Germany could begin an economic recovery.