Deck 14: Corrections

Question 1

Probation is most often used with:

A) first-time offenders
B) property offenders
C) non-violent offenders
D) low-risk offenders
E) all of the preceding

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which response to crime is proactive in that it focuses on the future needs of offenders as well as the needs of the community?

A) retribution
B) rehabilitation
C) recidivism
D) restitution
E) incarceration

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Correctional alternatives to incarceration include:

A) day reporting
B) house arrest
C) parole
D) probation
E) all of the preceding

Answer 3

E

Question 4

____ is the study of the reformation and rehabilitation of criminals and of the management of prisons.

A) Lex talionis
B) Recidivism
C) Penology
D) Restoration
E) Treatment ideology

Question 5

Using an offense or offender as an example to society of the consequences of crime is called

A) recidivism.
B) rehabilitation.
C) incapacitation.
D) specific deterrence.
E) general deterrence.

Question 6

The type of correctional institution in which an offender is incarcerated usually depends on

A) his or her race.
B) his or her socioeconomic status.
C) his or her crime.
D) his or her educational level.
E) all of the preceding

Question 7

____ refers to making it impossible for offenders to commit further offenses.

A) Incapacitation
B) Just deserts
C) Probation
D) Parole
E) all of the preceding

Question 8

The oldest community-based correctional program is:

A) day reporting
B) house arrest
C) parole
D) probation
E) curfews

Question 9

A diagnosis of ____ often eliminates the death penalty as a sentencing option for capital offenders.

A) cancer
B) diabetes
C) mental illness
D) AIDS
E) all of the preceding

Question 10

____ emphasizes control and surveillance rather than treatment and rehabilitation.

A) House arrest
B) Restitution
C) Half-way houses
D) Forfeiture
E) Intensive supervision programs

Question 11

How many states have laws authorizing capital punishment?

A) 27
B) 35
C) 38
D) 50
E) 42

Question 12

Boot camp is also known as ____.

A) electronic monitoring
B) house arrest
C) aftercare
D) shock incarceration
E) parole

Question 13

The general purpose of probation is

A) to control jail populations.
B) to help offenders maintain law-abiding behavior.
C) to avoid prison overcrowding.
D) a pre-jail threat.
E) all of the preceding

Question 14

The primary goal of correctional institutions is

A) protect society.
B) punish offenders.
C) even the score for victims.
D) teach offenders a lesson.
E) prove to society that crime doesn't pay.

Question 15

Deterrence aimed at offenders so they will not return to a life of crime is ____ deterrence.

A) general
B) routine
C) specific
D) incidental
E) random

Question 16

A court-ordered disposition alternative through which an adjudicated offender is placed under control, supervision, and care in lieu of imprisonment.

A) day reporting
B) house arrest
C) parole
D) probation
E) all of the preceding

Question 17

____ is a proactive view that sees corrections as a way to prevent future criminal actions.

A) Diversion
B) Deterrence
C) Deferring
D) Retribution
E) Restitution

Question 18

The primary focus of juvenile corrections has traditionally been, and continues to be,

A) treatment.
B) punishment.
C) education.
D) rehabilitation.
E) counseling.

Question 19

____ requires an offender to perform unpaid labor to pay a debt to society.

A) Retribution
B) Day reporting
C) Forfeiture
D) Community service
E) Restitution

Question 20

The goal of restitution is

A) to compensate victims.
B) punishment.
C) rehabilitation.
D) deterrence.
E) all of the preceding

Question 21

The primary component of the medical model is ____________________.

Question 22

Approximately ____ prisoners return to communities from state and federal prisons each year.

A) 25,000
B) 50,000
C) 500,000
D) 650,000
E) 1,000,000

Question 23

As the correctional pendulum swings, the primary purposes to be served by corrections also shifts.

Question 24

Which of the following is an advantage to the community approach to corrections?

A) humanitarian
B) restorative
C) managerial
D) all of the preceding
E) none of the preceding

Question 25

The purpose of corrections is to carry out the sentence of the court.

Question 26

____________________ is a sanction whereby an offender reimburses the victim.

Question 27

Jurisdiction refers only to a court's geographic area of coverage.

Question 28

Rehabilitation rests on the positivist theory of Lombroso who saw criminals as victims of society.

Question 29

Approximately 1 out of every 32 adults in the United Sates is incarcerated or under correctional supervision.

Question 30

The ____________________ assumes offenders are self-directed, acting on free will and responsible for their crimes.

Question 31

____________________ requires offenders to remain in their homes during specified times and to adhere to a strict curfew.

Question 32

The United States is the only country that uses electrocution, asphyxiation, and lethal injection as mechanisms for execution.

Question 33

Deterrence sees corrections as a way to prevent future crimes.

Question 34

Retribution and incapacitation are both proactive responses to crime.

Question 35

Corrections deals with both adults and juveniles.

Question 36

Non-residential facilities where offenders must appear daily are called ____________________.

Question 37

Which of the following statements regarding day fines is true?

A) The judge considers the offender's ability to pay.
B) The judge considers the nature of the crime.
C) They are based on an offender's daily income.
D) all of the preceding are true
E) none of the preceding are true

Question 38

The ____________________ assumes offenders are victims of society and their environment who need to be cured.

Question 39

Restitution is punishment for the sake of punishment.

Question 40

The ____________________ takes into account both the offender and the offender's environment.

Question 41

Outline and discuss the concept of community corrections, including its central goals.

Question 42

Who was John Augustus and what did he contribute to corrections?

Question 43

A(n) ____________________ is a nonsecure facility with a professional corrections staff that provides counseling, education, job training and family-style living for juvenile offenders.

Question 44

Draw a continuum of intermediate sanctions, showing the relative severity of each, and identify the key advantages and disadvantages of each option.

Question 45

Identify and discuss the various correctional alternatives being used in the United States.

Question 46

____________________ are short temporary leaves from a prison or jail.

Question 47

Outline and discuss four correctional ideologies and identify the model associated with each.

Question 48

The most frequent type of release from a correctional facility is ____________________.

Question 49

List and explain the various community-based reintegration programs currently available.