Deck 7: Vitamins

Question 1

If a registered dietitian is concerned about the adequacy of a client's vitamin C intake,he or she would want to find out whether the client

A) drinks milk.
B) follows a vegan diet.
C) has regular exposure to sunlight.
D) smokes cigarettes.

Answer 1

D
The dietitian would need to know whether the client smokes cigarettes because smokers require more vitamin C than nonsmokers.A vegan diet raises concerns about intake of vitamin B₁₂ (found only in animal foods)but does not necessarily affect vitamin C intake.Regular exposure to sunlight and milk intake affect vitamin D status but not vitamin C status.

Question 2

If whole milk is stored in a clear bottle in a refrigerator with a glass front,

A) the milk fat may separate and rise to the top of the bottle.
B) some of the protein in the milk may become denatured.
C) the ultraviolet light exposure may destroy the vitamin D.
D) the ultraviolet light exposure may destroy the riboflavin.

Answer 2

D
Riboflavin is destroyed by ultraviolet light,and so storage of milk in a clear bottle and a glass-front refrigerator may cause loss of riboflavin.Vitamin D is not affected by ultraviolet light.Ultraviolet light does not cause milk fat to separate out and does not denature protein.

Question 3

A patient is admitted to the hospital with confusion,memory loss,and ataxia.What other information would lead you to suspect that his symptoms may be caused by secondary thiamin deficiency?

A) The patient has very limited funds and has been eating mainly rice and beans.
B) The patient admits that he struggles with alcoholism.
C) The patient is recovering from a minor stroke.
D) The patient has a family history of Alzheimer's disease.

Answer 3

B
Alcoholism may be associated with a secondary thiamin deficiency because the liver needs increased amounts of thiamin to detoxify alcohol.Limited food intake may cause primary deficiency (although legumes are a good source of thiamin,and so primary deficiency is unlikely).Strokes and Alzheimer's disease may cause confusion,memory loss,and ataxia,but not in relation to a secondary vitamin deficiency.

Question 4

The person who would have the highest need for thiamin is

A) someone who lifts weights to maintain health.
B) a pregnant woman.
C) a professional cyclist.
D) an older adult who walks 2 miles daily.

Question 5

An example of someone who has a relatively high risk for vitamin deficiencies is a(n)

A) 45-year-old half marathon runner.
B) 85-year-old man living independently.
C) college-age woman living with roommates.
D) breastfed newborn.

Question 6

Some choline can be synthesized by the body from

A) glycerol.
B) cholesterol.
C) tryptophan.
D) methionine.

Question 7

Vegetables are likely to be highest in vitamin C if they are

A) boiled.
B) canned.
C) stir-fried.
D) oven roasted.

Question 8

Deficiencies are likely to develop most rapidly with low intake of vitamin

A) A.
B) C.
C) D.
D) E.

Question 9

A homeless man is brought into the emergency room with muscle weakness,loss of coordination,and tachycardia.He has alcohol on his breath.He may be suffering from a deficiency of

A) thiamin.
B) riboflavin.
C) niacin.
D) folate.

Question 10

In a very poor country where the subsistence crop is corn and intake of animal protein is very limited,the population has a high risk for developing

A) scurvy.
B) pellagra.
C) spina bifida.
D) pernicious anemia.

Question 11

The type of anemia associated with folate deficiency is _____ anemia.

A) microcytic
B) pernicious
C) megaloblastic
D) iron deficiency

Question 12

If a patient needs regular injections of vitamin B₁₂,the most likely explanation is that

A) he or she follows a vegan eating pattern.
B) he or she struggles with alcoholism.
C) he or she has a malabsorption syndrome.
D) his or her stomach does not produce intrinsic factor.

Question 13

An example of a high-folate meal is

A) fish,French fries,and coleslaw.
B) spinach salad with orange segments.
C) oatmeal with brown sugar and raisins.
D) pork chops with applesauce.

Question 14

An example of a meal with high levels of biotin is a

A) cheese-and-tomato sandwich.
B) roast beef and mustard sandwich.
C) peanut butter and jelly sandwich.
D) vegetarian sandwich with avocado and alfalfa sprouts.

Question 15

A young woman recently married tells you that she is excited to have children.She should be especially careful to consume adequate amounts of

A) folic acid.
B) vitamin B₁₂.
C) pyridoxine.
D) vitamin E.

Question 16

If an older adult develops delusions and hallucinations,it is important to check his or her blood levels of

A) vitamin B₁₂.
B) intrinsic factor.
C) folic acid.
D) thiamin.

Question 17

Scurvy would be most likely to occur in someone who lives in a

A) remote village in northern Minnesota.
B) farming community in Florida.
C) city in central California.
D) fishing community on the coast of Maine.

Question 18

Niacin can be manufactured by the body from the amino acid

A) alanine.
B) arginine.
C) tryptophan.
D) phenylalanine.

Question 19

The best way to ensure intake of a variety of phytochemicals is to

A) take a daily multivitamin supplement that includes phytochemicals.
B) increase intake of soy-based foods,such as soy milk,tofu,and soy flour.
C) choose whole grains and include at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily.
D) include at least three servings of dairy products daily and use a variety of herbs and spices.

Question 20

A good way to increase intake of riboflavin would be to

A) eat cereal with skim milk for breakfast instead of toast and juice.
B) replace romaine lettuce salad with spinach salad.
C) drink orange juice instead of apple juice.
D) make sandwiches with whole grain bread instead of white bread.

Question 21

The best description of blindness caused by vitamin A deficiency in developing countries is that it is

A) temporary and treatable.
B) infectious and often fatal.
C) limited to night blindness.
D) permanent but preventable.

Question 22

Vitamin K deficiency could be a problem in someone who

A) does not produce intrinsic factor.
B) uses antibiotics for several months.
C) struggles with alcoholism.
D) has limited skin exposure to sunlight.

Question 23

Foods that are good sources of preformed vitamin A include

A) sweet potatoes.
B) egg yolk.
C) tomatoes.
D) carrots.

Question 24

Rickets would be most likely to develop in a(n)

A) elderly frail adult who lives alone.
B) Asian college student who does not drink milk.
C) white toddler who has been weaned from breast milk.
D) 9-month-old breastfed African American baby.

Question 25

The first step to ensure adequate intake of vitamins is to

A) use a daily multivitamin supplement.
B) increase fortification of key foods in the food supply.
C) target specific supplements for specific subgroups of the population.
D) ensure that the diet includes a variety of foods from all of the food groups.

Question 26

The main reason that the adequate intake (AI)for vitamin D increases in older adults is that

A) their ability to absorb dietary vitamin D is diminished.
B) conversion of vitamin D to its active forms is less efficient.
C) their skin is less efficient in synthesizing vitamin D during sun exposure.
D) they require more vitamin D than do younger adults to maintain bone health.

Question 27

Foods rich in antioxidant vitamins include

A) oranges and vegetable oils.
B) apples and butter.
C) carrots and olive oil.
D) mushrooms and milk.

Question 28

An example of a meal with high levels of vitamin K is

A) grilled shrimp with rice and green beans.
B) eggs,bacon,and hash browns.
C) stir-fried beef with broccoli.
D) bacon,lettuce,and tomato sandwich.

Question 29

The primary reason that many Americans use vitamin supplements on a regular basis is that

A) supplements taste better than food.
B) this practice is necessary for good health.
C) it is cheaper than consuming an adequate diet.
D) it is easier than making dietary and behavioral modifications.

Question 30

The most likely cause of vitamin toxicity is

A) high intake of fortified foods.
B) increased absorption as a result of medications.
C) long-term use of megadose supplements.
D) high intake of nutrient-dense foods.