Deck 9: Energy, Weight, and Fitness

Question 1

The behavior change that would do most to help preserve lean body mass is

A) avoiding weight loss.
B) exercising regularly.
C) decreasing dietary fat intake.
D) ensuring adequate protein intake.

Answer 1

B
Exercise helps maintain lean body mass (muscle).Weight loss causes some loss of lean body mass,and adequate protein intake will help maintain lean body mass,but these effects are less significant than that of exercise.Decreasing dietary fat intake does not affect lean body mass.

Question 2

The fuel for all body processes that traps energy released from food is

A) electrons.
B) acetyl coenzyme A.
C) glucose-6-phosphate.
D) adenosine triphosphate.

Answer 2

D
The body catabolizes nutrients,and their energy is trapped in adenosine triphosphate (ATP),the fuel for all processes that require energy in the body.Electrons do not store energy.Acetyl coenzyme A is a substance that is produced in the sequence of reactions as nutrients are metabolized in the mitochondria.Glucose-6-phosphate is a substance that is produced in the sequence of reactions in the metabolism of carbohydrate.

Question 3

The total amount of energy in a bowl of soup that contains 5 g of protein,2 g of fat,and 20 g of carbohydrate is _____ kcal.

A) 27
B) 108
C) 118
D) 133

Answer 3

C
Protein provides 4 kcal/g;fat provides 9 kcal/g;carbohydrate provides 4 kcal/g.Therefore,the soup contains 118 kcal ([5 * 4] + [2 * 9] + [20 * 4] = 20 + 18 + 80).

Question 4

A good example of living in an obesogenic environment is

A) working for an employer who gives employees free membership at a health club.
B) being a former high school athlete who now works in a sedentary job.
C) living in an apartment complex where it is unsafe for children to play outside unsupervised.
D) a physician's recommendation not to exercise during recovery from surgery.

Question 5

If a health practitioner wants to assess whether an underweight woman's body fat is too low,he or she may ask her whether

A) she has lost weight recently.
B) other family members are underweight.
C) she has a normal appetite.
D) she menstruates regularly.

Question 6

The duration of physical activity needed to maintain physical fitness depends on the

A) time of day.
B) ambient temperature.
C) intensity of the activity.
D) flexibility of the individual.

Question 7

For a man,a total body fat level of 18% is considered

A) too low.
B) healthy.
C) too high.
D) obese.

Question 8

If someone goes on a long hike,after 4 hours most of his or her energy will be obtained from

A) glucose.
B) glycogen.
C) fatty acids.
D) amino acids.

Question 9

If someone goes to a seafood buffet and eats large portions of shrimp,crab,and baked fish,being careful to avoid fried seafood and high-fat sauces,the extra protein consumed will be stored as

A) amino acids in the liver.
B) protein in muscles.
C) glycogen in muscles.
D) triglycerides in adipocytes.

Question 10

According to set point theory,if weight or fatness falls below the level perceived to be appropriate by the body,the individual will

A) experience a greater desire for high-fat foods.
B) develop a new,lower set point for body weight.
C) experience an overall increase in hunger drive.
D) decrease his or her physical activity level until weight is regained.

Question 11

Frank and Gina are trying to lose weight.They walk 2 miles every evening after dinner,are eating smaller portions,and have stopped eating snacks between meals.Frank has lost twice as much weight as Gina.What is the most likely explanation?

A) Gina is not following the food plan as carefully as Frank is.
B) Gina has a gynoid shape,and Frank has an android shape.
C) Frank is exercising more than Gina at other times during the day.
D) Frank had a higher level of fitness than Gina before they started to make changes.

Question 12

The most important factor in setting behavioral goals is

A) the client's willingness to exercise.
B) individual habits and preferences.
C) the amount of weight loss desired.
D) the skill of the health care practitioner.

Question 13

If a person hears a friend calling for help and goes running to find out what the friend needs,the person would be getting his or her energy from

A) fatty acids via adrenaline release.
B) glucose and amino acids via aerobic pathways.
C) glycogen via anaerobic glycolysis.
D) fatty acids and glycerol via oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 14

The most accurate way to measure body fat levels is to use

A) body mass index (BMI).
B) triceps skinfold thickness.
C) underwater weighing (densitometry).
D) bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA).

Question 15

It would be especially beneficial for someone to avoid becoming obese if they have a family history of

A) osteoporosis and sarcopenia (muscle wasting).
B) alcoholism and liver cancer.
C) sleep apnea and osteoarthritis.
D) multiple sclerosis and celiac disease.

Question 16

To lose a pound of body fat in a week,daily energy expenditure would have to increase by approximately _____ kcal.

A) 350
B) 500
C) 700
D) 3500

Question 17

The most effective way to increase energy expenditure is to

A) eat foods that require more energy for digestion,absorption,metabolism,and storage.
B) use thyroid hormones to increase basal metabolic rate.
C) increase the duration and intensity of daily activities.
D) lift weights to increase lean body mass and thereby increase basal metabolism.

Question 18

Athletes who exercise regularly are able to exercise for longer,partly because their body is able to use more energy from

A) Fat.
B) Protein.
C) Amino acids.
D) Carbohydrates.

Question 19

Of the following,the person who would be expected to have the highest energy expenditure is a

A) man who cycles to work every day and plays on sports teams on the weekend.
B) man who works 60 hours a week at a high-stress job.
C) woman who works as a personal trainer at a health club.
D) woman who works as a nurse in a clinic.

Question 20

If a woman's waist measurement is 34 inches and her hip measurement is 40 inches,her waist-to-hip ratio would be considered to be _____ risk for chronic disease.

A) associated with a high
B) unrelated to
C) associated with a low
D) associated with a high

Question 21

The person who is mostly likely to need to be concerned about the adequacy of his or her protein intake is a

A) male bodybuilder.
B) woman who walks 30 minutes per day.
C) man who plays basketball twice a week.
D) female vegetarian runner with a low kilocalorie intake.

Question 22

Sports drinks may be more beneficial than water for an athlete who

A) is exercising in cold weather.
B) runs for at least 2 hours,4 days a week.
C) experiences hunger during workouts.
D) takes a 1-hour aerobics class 5 days a week.

Question 23

An example of an athlete who is most likely to benefit from a multivitamin or mineral supplement that provides 100% of the Daily Recommended Intake (DRI)is a

A) gymnast.
B) swimmer.
C) bodybuilder.
D) football player.

Question 24

If an athlete weighed 150 lbs at the beginning of an athletic event and weighed 146 lb at the end of the event because of water lost in sweat,their athletic performance toward the end of the event would be

A) improved.
B) unaffected.
C) impaired.
D) unpredictable.

Question 25

The factor that is most effective in increasing muscle mass is

A) exercise.
B) low fat intake.
C) high protein intake.
D) amino acid supplements.

Question 26

An athlete's kilocalorie intake is most likely to be appropriate if he or she

A) maintains a low percentage of body fat.
B) consumes at least 1800 kcal per day.
C) maintains a competitive and healthy weight.
D) does not experience hunger between workouts.

Question 27

If a client wants to relearn to pay attention to hunger and satiety cues,he or she may find it helpful to

A) keep a journal of perceived emotions.
B) establish a regular pattern of meals.
C) eat all food at home.
D) avoid eating until he or she is very hungry.

Question 28

An example of a beverage that may have a demonstrated ergogenic effect is

A) milk.
B) beer.
C) coffee.
D) ginseng tea.

Question 29

An example of a good food for replacing glycogen stores is

A) raw carrots.
B) string cheese.
C) breakfast cereal.
D) scrambled eggs.

Question 30

The best way for someone to measure fluid loss during a workout is

A) the amount needed to satisfy thirst.
B) volume of urine production.
C) change in body temperature.
D) loss of body weight.