Deck 12: Food and Drug Interactions

Question 1

Patients who miss a dose of a scheduled medication should

A) double up when the next dose is due
B) consult with the pharmacist or physician regarding the missed dose
C) stop the medication and wait until their next office visit
D) none of the above

Answer 1

consult with the pharmacist or physician regarding the missed dose

Question 2

Which of the following drugs may be given concurrently with grapefruit?

A) triazolam
B) cyclosporine
C) acetaminophen
D) simvastatin

Answer 2

acetaminophen

Question 3

Which vitamin in certain green leafy vegetables interacts with warfarin?

A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin K
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin B₁₂

Answer 3

Vitamin K

Question 4

What patient variables may predispose a patient to drug interactions?

A) gender
B) age
C) socioeconomic status
D) both a and c

Question 5

Any patient taking a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor (an antidepressant) should avoid all of the following foods or beverages, EXCEPT

A) wine
B) diet Coke
C) yogurt
D) cheese

Question 6

Concurrent use of alcoholic beverages and sedatives may result in

A) excessive CNS depression
B) excitability
C) GI disturbances
D) headache

Question 7

Which nonprescription drug interacts with warfarin?

A) diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
B) aspirin (Bayer)
C) acetaminophen (Tylenol)
D) pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

Question 8

Chronic use of alcoholic beverages may interact with the drug phenytoin by

A) decreasing liver enzyme activity
B) increasing renal excretion
C) increasing liver enzyme activity
D) decreasing renal excretion

Question 9

Synergism refers to the effect of two or more drugs causing

A) a stronger effect
B) a weaker effect
C) the same effect
D) none of the above

Question 10

Carbidopa is often prescribed in combination with levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease. The addition of carbidopa decreases the amount of levodopa needed to have an effect, but it does not have a beneficial effect in these patients if given alone. This is an example of

A) synergy
B) antagonism
C) potentiation
D) Cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibition

Question 11

Drugs that are most often abused include

A) antidepressants
B) opioids
C) antihistamines
D) antibiotics

Question 12

All of the following drugs' effects may be decreased by smoking, EXCEPT

A) diazepam
B) theophylline
C) amitriptyline
D) aspirin

Question 13

Factors that may result in a drug interaction include the following, EXCEPT

A) nonprescription drug use
B) multiple prescribers
C) pharmacy intervention
D) patient noncompliance

Question 14

The blood pressure medicine propranolol can reduce the effectiveness of an albuterol inhaler in an asthmatic patient. This is an example of

A) synergy
B) antagonism
C) potentiation
D) Cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibition

Question 15

Garlic is an herb used for lowering cholesterol and modestly lowering blood pressure. Which types of drugs would you caution patients about taking concurrently with garlic?

A) cholesterol medications
B) anti-inflammatories
C) antihypertensives
D) antidepressants

Question 16

The antibiotic ciprofloxacin may have decreased absorption when taken with

A) green leafy vegetables
B) magnesium- and aluminum-containing antacids
C) aspirin
D) all the above

Question 17

Which of the following drugs may cause peripheral neuritis in some patients?

A) insulin
B) acetaminophen
C) isoniazid
D) aspirin

Question 18

Vegetables such as broccoli and cabbage may inactivate

A) warfarin
B) cimetidine
C) lithium
D) insulin

Question 19

Antagonism refers to the effect of one drug causing another drug to have

A) a stronger effect
B) a weaker effect
C) the same effect
D) none of the above

Question 20

Which of the following increases the drug metabolizing enzymes of the liver?

A) caffeine
B) smoking
C) occasional alcohol consumption
D) all the above

Question 21

Impaired renal function and ____________________ function are the most important conditions that may alter drug activity and cause drug interactions.

Question 22

Aspirin and alcohol increase the risk of ____________________ bleeding.

Question 23

The cooperative effect of two or more drugs given together to produce a stronger effect is called ____________________.

Question 24

Antacids decrease the effects of ____________________.

Question 25

Give two examples of drug-food interactions. How can these be prevented in the community pharmacy setting?

Question 26

Explain how smoking may affect certain therapeutic agents. Give three examples of these medications.

Question 27

Explain how genetic factors may develop drug interactions and give two examples.

Question 28

The combination of potassium-sparing diuretics and salt substitutes can result in dangerously high ____________________ levels.

Question 29

Some drugs, such as calcium channel blockers, estrogens, cyclosporine, and triazolam, should not be taken with ____________________ juice.

Question 30

What are five ways that a pharmacy can reduce the risk of drug interactions?

Question 31

Newborn infants do not have fully developed ____________________ systems, which can lead to drug-related problems.

Question 32

The tendencies of some individuals to abuse drugs may lead to increased drug ____________________.

Question 33

One enzyme system in the liver that may contribute to some drug interactions is the ____________________.

Question 34

List five drugs that should not be given concurrently with grapefruit juice.

Question 35

List five guidelines to reduce and manage drug interactions.

Question 36

What is the difference between drug synergy and potentiation? Give one example of when synergy is desirable and one example of when it may cause an undesirable effect.

Question 37

How do pharmacists and pharmacy technicians work together to avoid drug interactions with patients? What are three specific questions that can be asked of the patient that may avert a potential drug interaction?

Question 38

Wine, cheese, and yogurt should be avoided in patients taking ____________________ because of potential toxic effects.