Deck 19: Nutrition for Neuro Psychiatric Disorders

Question 1

Whenever possible,comatose patients should be fed

A) a full liquid diet.
B) enterally.
C) through peripheral parenteral nutrition.
D) through central parenteral nutrition.

Answer 1

B
Comatose patients should be fed enterally whenever possible to maintain integrity of the gut.Parenteral nutrition is expensive,less physiologically sound,and unnecessary for most patients.Unconscious patients cannot be fed orally.

Question 2

The most important aspect of treatment for eating disorders is

A) developing a personalized daily eating and exercise plan for each patient.
B) making conscious food choices in response to hunger and satiety cues,as well as awareness of emotions.
C) achieving and maintaining a healthy weight and optimal nutrient intake.
D) redefining societal norms for body weight and personal value and success.

Answer 2

B
Treatment of eating disorders should focus on helping patients be aware of and respond to hunger and satiety cues,helping them be aware of their emotions and find healthy coping mechanisms,and helping them make conscious food choices.Developing a personalized eating and exercise plan may be helpful,but if it is too rigid,it will reinforce the eating disorder rather than treating it.As eating patterns become healthier,weight and nutrient intake should also become healthier,but these concerns are secondary to treating the underlying eating disorder.Redefining societal norms may help prevent eating disorders,but it will not happen quickly enough to treat existing eating disorders.

Question 3

If a college-age woman tells you that she often uses laxatives or diuretics to make sure she has a flat stomach and goes without meals or exercises for several hours before special events to make sure she fits into some of her favorite clothes,she probably has

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) binge-eating disorder.
C) bulimia nervosa.
D) malnutrition.

Answer 3

C
Purging with laxatives,diuretics,and exercise is a hallmark of bulimia nervosa.Anorexia nervosa is characterized by extreme restriction in food intake,usually without purging.Patients with binge-eating disorder frequently struggle with out-of-control consumption of very large amounts of food.Any eating disorder may result in malnutrition,but this is not necessarily the case.

Question 4

If a 78-year-old man has had a stroke and has difficulty feeding himself,the best strategy is to

A) provide encouragement,support,and assistance as needed.
B) have a caregiver feed him to maintain adequate intake.
C) encourage him but insist that he feed himself to relearn this skill.
D) provide enteral feedings until adequate oral intake is established.

Question 5

A helpful strategy to prevent development of Guillain-Barré syndrome would be to

A) avoid sexual contact with affected individuals.
B) drink only pasteurized milk.
C) use gloves to avoid contact with infected blood.
D) avoid eating home-canned food.

Question 6

As multiple sclerosis progresses,it is most important to monitor the patient's

A) ability to self-feed.
B) blood glucose levels.
C) the degree of depression.
D) blood lipid levels.

Question 7

If a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)is having difficulty speaking and is losing weight,it would be important to evaluate

A) his or her resting energy expenditure.
B) his or her appetite and interest in food.
C) whether he or she has diarrhea and malabsorption.
D) his or her ability to swallow.

Question 8

In the clinic,a patient with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease tells you that he or she wants to do whatever is possible to slow the progression of the disease.The best dietary advice you could give would be to

A) avoid foods with high amounts of oxalate and phytate.
B) eat several small meals each day so as to ensure adequate protein and energy intake.
C) reduce intake of saturated fat,cholesterol,and sodium.
D) follow a Mediterranean diet and eat foods with high amounts of antioxidants.

Question 9

A client would be considered to have binge eating disorder if he or she

A) overeats at Thanksgiving and family holiday meals.
B) skips breakfast or lunch most days and eats more at dinner.
C) eats large amounts of food alone when stressed.
D) adds extra workouts when he or she eats large meals.

Question 10

The easiest way to help patients increase their intake of antioxidants is to

A) give them a list of high-antioxidant foods.
B) encourage intake of fruits and vegetables with a variety of colors.
C) recommend growing their own vegetables or buying organic vegetables.
D) offer classes to teach patients how to prepare and cook fruits and vegetables.

Question 11

The best diet for prevention of stroke is

A) low in sodium and fat.
B) rich in dietary fiber and olive oil.
C) high in low-fat dairy products.
D) mostly plant foods and fish.

Question 12

If a patient suspects that her migraine headaches are triggered by certain foods,the first step would be to

A) keep a headache-food diary.
B) evaluate blood antibody levels.
C) use an elimination diet.
D) avoid eating the offending foods.

Question 13

When you evaluate a patient with multiple sclerosis,your greatest nutrition-related concern would be

A) reliance on a caregiver to prepare and serve food.
B) the patient's frustration with loss of independence.
C) reliance on preprepared processed foods.
D) food's being one of the few things the patient still enjoys.

Question 14

During a home visit to a patient with Parkinson's disease one afternoon,your main concern would be that

A) family members are bringing the patient home-cooked meals.
B) the patient drinks coffee throughout the day.
C) the patient has snacks next to his or her chair.
D) the patient has not eaten yet that day.

Question 15

An example of a meal that may be beneficial for cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease is

A) baked salmon and spinach salad.
B) scrambled eggs and whole-grain toast.
C) cottage cheese and applesauce.
D) calves' liver and onions.

Question 16

If a child is following a ketogenic diet for treatment of epilepsy,the nurse would want to ensure that the child is receiving supplements of

A) essential amino acids.
B) pancreatic enzymes.
C) vitamin D.
D) vitamin C.

Question 17

The best place for a patient with Alzheimer's disease to eat would be

A) in front of the television.
B) at a table with a caregiver.
C) at a table with several dining companions.
D) alone in a quiet room.

Question 18

A child who is following a ketogenic diet to help control seizures is most likely to need help in coping with

A) early satiety.
B) hunger.
C) nausea.
D) lethargy.

Question 19

If a client is suddenly unable to speak,seems confused,and has trouble walking,it is most likely that he or she has

A) Alzheimer's disease.
B) Parkinson's disease.
C) had a cerebrovascular accident (CVA),or stroke.
D) had myocardial infarction,or heart attack.

Question 20

The person who would be most likely to develop anorexia nervosa is a

A) young mother working full-time outside the home.
B) high school student with a strong core group of friends.
C) man with a high-stress job and depression.
D) high-achieving shy college freshman.

Question 21

A supplement that may help patients with insomnia to normalize their sleep patterns is

A) magnesium.
B) melatonin.
C) dopamine.
D) caffeine.

Question 22

Risk of overweight and chronic disease would be elevated in a

A) young woman who has migraine headaches every month.
B) nurse who switches from working day shifts to working night shifts.
C) patient with advanced Alzheimer's disease.
D) middle-aged man who loses 30 lb in 6 months.

Question 23

If an alcoholic person has a normal body mass index,it is likely that they

A) is also malnourished.
B) exercises consistently.
C) eats a healthful diet.
D) is currently sober.

Question 24

If a patient attends a wine and cheese party and is then admitted to the emergency room with a severe headache and found to have severe hypertension,he or she may

A) be taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).
B) be sensitive to resveratrol,an antioxidant found in red wine.
C) have acute alcohol poisoning.
D) be suffering from a foodborne infection.

Question 25

A diet rich in antioxidant-rich foods would be especially helpful for a patient with

A) sleep disorder.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) addictions.

Question 26

Patients with depression may benefit from ensuring adequate intake of

A) tryptophan.
B) methionine.
C) potassium.
D) vitamin B₁₂.

Question 27

For a patient with anorexia nervosa,enteral feedings may be helpful,when accepted,to

A) feed the patient without his or her being aware.
B) restore gastrointestinal function.
C) increase the rate of weight gain.
D) provide measurable intakes of nutrients.

Question 28

A depressed patient who has agoraphobia may benefit from

A) omega-3 fatty acids.
B) light therapy.
C) daily exercise.
D) zinc supplements.

Question 29

The optimal diet to protect against depression is

A) made up of familiar and favorite foods.
B) high in dietary fiber and protein.
C) a vegetarian diet.
D) high in fruits,vegetables,and fish.

Question 30

If a patient has bipolar disorder,post-traumatic stress disorder,and depression,it is important to

A) encourage adequate intake of protein and energy.
B) focus on underlying emotional issues rather than food.
C) evaluate alcohol intake and potential substance abuse.
D) decrease intake of saturated fat and sodium.