Deck 4: ATI-TEAS-Science

Question 1

Isotopes are __________.

A)versions of one element with a different number of protons
B)special orbitals in metal elements
C)versions of one element with a different number of neutrons
D)types of valence shells

Answer 1

versions of one element with a different number of neutrons
Isotopes are variants of an element where the number of neutrons are different from a normal atom of that particular element. All isotopes of an element will have the same number of protons (changing the number of protons would change the element), but will have different numbers of neutrons in each isotope. For example, Carbon-14 is an isotope of Carbon. A "normal" carbon atom would have 6 protons and 6 neutrons. Carbon-14 has 6 protons and eight neutrons.

Question 2

Which of the following lists the respiratory passageways in order from largest diameter to smallest diameter?

A)Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
B)Bronchioles, bronchi, trachea
C)Trachea, bronchioles, bronchi
D)Bronchi, trachea, bronchioles

Answer 2

 Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
The trachea is the largest airway of the lower respiratory system and is composed of a single tube. It splits into two smaller tubes, a left and right bronchi. These bronchi further split into small bronchioles.
You may use the diagram below as a visual reference for the respiratory passageways.

Question 3

Which of the following statements correctly describes what genes code for:
1 - More DNA
2 - Lipids and carbohydrates
3 - Proteins and RNA
4 - Proteins and lipids

A)Statements 1 and 4
B)Statements 1 and 2
C)Statements 3 and 4
D)Statement 3

Answer 3

Statement 3
The portion of the genome that codes for a protein or an RNA is referred to as a gene.
Lipids and carbohydrates are created in the cell by enzymes, using raw materials from outside.

Question 4

In which segment of the nephron is glucose reabsorbed?

A)Loop of henle
B)Distal convoluted tubule
C)Proximal convoluted tubule
D)Collecting duct

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about protein digestion?

A)The majority of protein absorption occurs in the large intestine.
B)Absorption of protein occurs primarily in the small intestine.
C)Chemical digestion of protein initially occurs in the mouth.
D)The majority of mechanical protein digestion occurs in the stomach.

Question 6

Human zygotes contain:

A)46 chromosomes
B)12 chromosomes
C)104 chromosomes
D)54 chromosomes

Question 7

In adaptive immunity, which of the following is responsible for a very rapid response upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen?

A)Macrophage cells
B)Memory cells
C)B-cells
D)Cytotoxic cells

Question 8

Which of the following processes reduces heat loss and warms the body via integumental thermoregulation?

A)Tensing of the arrector pili muscles
B)Cutaneous vasoconstriction
C)Sweating
D)Cutaneous vasodilation

Question 9

Which of these statements is true about pH?

A)Higher pH values indicate a higher [H+]
B)A pH of 6 is more acidic than a pH of 8
C)Adding an acid to a solution will increase the pH
D)Blood has an acidic pH

Question 10

Inheritance can be described as which of the following?

A)Change of one cell type to another
B)Permanent alteration of a nucleotide sequence
C)Change in the species structure of an ecological community
D)Transmission of characteristics to offspring

Question 11

Which of the following describes cellular respiration?

A)It is an oxidative anabolic activity
B)It is a reductive anabolic activity
C)It is a reductive catabolic activity
D)It is an oxidative catabolic activity

Question 12

Which of the following types of tissues functions in the covering, lining, and protection of surfaces and body cavities?

A)Connective tissue
B)Muscle tissue
C)Epithelial tissue
D)Nerve tissue

Question 13

The respiratory system is composed of organs that facilitate gas exchange between the blood and the external environment. Which of the following describes the group of organs that function during gas exchange?

A)Tissue
B)Organ
C)Organelle
D)Organ System

Question 14

White blood cells contain many _________ because they need to dispose of harmful intruders such as bacteria and viruses. Which of the following options correctly completes the statement above?

A)Golgi
B)mitochondria
C)lysosomes
D)ribosomes

Question 15

Which of the following organ systems is correctly paired with its function?

A)Circulatory/ obtaining nutrients necessary for growth, energy and normal body processes
B)Digestive/ waste elimination
C)Endocrine/ regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling
D)Excretory/ transport of substance to all tissues of the body

Question 16

Which of the following correctly describes anatomical position?

A)Upright, arms at sides, palms facing anteriorly
B)Prone, arms at sides, palms facing anteriorly
C)Supine, arms at sides, palms facing posteriorly
D)Seated, arms at sides, palms facing posteriorly

Question 17

HIV is a virus that destroys the body's defense against diseases by inserting itself into the host's DNA. In which part of the infected host cell will HIV virus be found?

A)Nucleus
B)Peroxisomes
C)Lysosomes
D)Ribosomes

Question 18

Osteoblasts are specialized cells that secrete the protein collagen and other substances necessary for bone formation. Which of the following organelles is more likely to be predominant in osteoblasts?

A)Nucleus
B)Mitochondria
C)Lysosomes
D)Ribosomes

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct order of structures from simple to most complex?

A)Mitochondria, nerve tissues, neurons, brain
B)Brain, neurons, mitochondria, nerve tissues
C)Mitochondria, neurons, nerve tissues, brain
D)Neurons, mitochondria, nerve tissues, brain

Question 20

Which of the following processes correctly describe the formation of new cells in order to replace worn-out and damaged cells during injury?

A)Endocytosis
B)Exocytosis
C)Mitosis
D)Meiosis

Question 21

Which of the following is not located on the anterior region of the human body?

A)Clavicle
B)Sternum
C)Mandible
D)Vertebral column

Question 22

Which of the types of tissue is responsible for providing the matrix that supports and connects other tissues of the body?

A)Nerve tissue
B)Connective tissue
C)Epithelial tissue
D)Muscle tissue

Question 23

Which of the following is the name of the imaginary vertical plane that equally divides the body into left and right?

A)Transverse
B)Coronal
C)Horizontal
D)Sagittal

Question 24

Which of the following steps of protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus?

A)Elongation
B)Translation to amino acid
C)Replication
D)Transcription to mRNA

Question 25

Which of the following describes the function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A)Intracellular digestion of damaged structures, macromolecules, and bacteria
B)Conversion of nutrients to ATP
C)Synthesis and transport of proteins
D)Facilitates movement of substance in and out of the cell

Question 26

Which of the following is the largest organ of the human body?

A)Kidney
B)Pancreas
C)Lung
D)Skin

Question 27

The head is _________ to the neck.

A)Superior
B)Proximal
C)Superficial
D)Inferior

Question 28

Which of the following organ systems is not correctly paired with its function?

A)Nervous/ collecting, analyzing and integrating information that regulates intrinsic body conditions and maintains behavioral patterns
B)Respiratory/ breathing and gas exchange
C)Digestive/ provide defense against infectious diseases
D)Circulatory/ transport of substance to all tissues of the body

Question 29

Which of the following does not correctly describe a cell membrane?

A)It is composed of a single layer of lipids interspersed with proteins.
B)It is composed entirely of proteins and lipids.
C)The phospholipid component has hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
D)Fat soluble substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and alcohol can easily pass through the membrane.

Question 30

Which of the following organelles plays a vital role in the breaking down of macromolecules?

A)Ribosomes
B)Golgi Apparatus
C)Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
D)Lysosomes

Question 31

Which of the following cell organelles is correctly paired with its function?

A)Ribosome/ Protein synthesis
B)Mitochondria/ Cell division
C)Lysosomes/ ATP production
D)Nucleus/ Intracellular digestion

Question 32

Which organelle is responsible for storing DNA?

A)Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
B)Nucleus
C)Golgi Apparatus
D)Lysosomes

Question 33

Which of the following is a heterotrophic organism with a genome stored in DNA?

A)Virus
B)Human
C)Algae
D)Plants

Question 34

Which of the following organelles is responsible for digesting damaged cellular structures, as well as macromolecules and bacteria ingested by the cell?

A)Endoplasmic Reticulum
B)Mitochondria
C)Lysosomes
D)Golgi Apparatus

Question 35

Which of the following anatomical terms is correctly matched with its meaning?

A)carpal/foot
B)inguinal/neck
C)cranial/skull
D)cervical/wrist

Question 36

Which of the following is happening during a contraction of the diaphragm?

A)A decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity
B)A decrease in alveolar pressure
C)An increase in alveolar pressure
D)Forced expiration

Question 37

The ______________ is a double layered membrane that lines the lungs.

A)pleural cavity
B)alveolus
C)pericardium
D)pleura

Question 38

Which of the following lists the respiratory passageways in order from largest diameter to smallest diameter?

A)Bronchi, trachea, bronchioles
B)Bronchioles, bronchi, trachea
C)Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
D)Trachea, bronchioles, bronchi

Question 39

Which of the following terms is alternatively called the "voice box"?

A)Trachea
B)Uvula
C)Pharynx
D)Larynx

Question 40

Which of the following best describes the mechanical process of normal breathing during expiration?

A)The diaphragm relaxes and moves downward, while the intercostal muscles relax and move the ribs downward.
B)The diaphragm contracts and moves upward, while the intercostal muscles relax and contract upward.
C)The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, while the intercostal muscles relax and move the ribs downward.
D)The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, while the intercostal muscles contract and move the ribs upward.

Question 41

Gas exchange between the blood and alveoli would be enhanced by  ______________, but impeded by __________________.

A)increased alveolar surface area; increased membrane thickness
B)increased tidal volume; decreased membrane thickness
C)decreased respiratory rate; increased tidal volume
D)decreased membrane thickness; increased alveolar surface area

Question 42

In the respiratory system, the majority of gas exchange takes place ___________________.

A)in the alveoli
B)in the bronchi
C)in the trachea
D)in the bronchioles

Question 43

Which of the following describes the volume of air associated with a normal breath?

A)Inspiratory reserve volume
B)Tidal volume
C)Total lung capacity
D)Residual volume

Question 44

Which of the following conditions would exhibit an increase in lung compliance?

A)Bronchitis
B)Lung cancer
C)Asthma
D)Emphysema

Question 45

Which of the following substances is produced by the lung for the purpose of reducing surface tension?

A)Oxidase
B)Sodium bicarbonate
C)Carbon dioxide
D)Surfactant

Question 46

As air is inhaled, the sequence in which it passes through the respiratory tract is best described by which of the following choices?

A)Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
B)Nasal cavity, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, pharynx, larynx
C)Pharynx, nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
D)Nasal cavity, trachea, pharynx, larynx, bronchioles, bronchi

Question 47

______________ is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveolar membrane.

A)Exocytosis
B)Osmosis
C)Diffusion
D)Active transport

Question 48

Which of the following anatomical structures prevents food from entering the respiratory system?

A)Larynx
B)Pharynx
C)Pleura
D)Epiglottis

Question 49

Which of the following terms correctly describes the movement of air in and out of the lungs?

A)Respiration
B)Ventilation
C)Oxidation
D)Diffusion

Question 50

Voluntarily holding your breath will eventually result in:

A)brain damage or death to due to lack of oxygen.
B)an innate reflex to start breathing due to low oxygen levels.
C)an innate reflex to start breathing due to increased carbon dioxide levels.
D)temporary unconsciousness and risk of stroke.

Question 51

A lung with a low level of compliance could be best described as _____________.

A)A lung with a high elasticity but with damaged alveoli.
B)a highly elastic lung allowing breathing occur with reduced work.
C)a lung with normal function.
D)a stiff lung requiring extra work to accomplish normal breathing.

Question 52

Which of the following is not a function of pulmonary surfactant?

A)Reduction of surface tension
B)Increase in lung compliance
C)Decrease in lung compliance
D)Prevention of lung collapse

Question 53

Diastole is the term that describes _________, while systole represents_____________.

A)contraction and filling; relaxing and ejection
B)relaxing and filling; contraction and ejection
C)contraction and ejection; relaxing and filling
D)receiving of the electrical impulse from the SA node; ventricular contraction

Question 54

The primary function of the ________________ is to deliver blood to the brain.

A)subclavian artery
B)brachial artery
C)aorta
D)carotid artery

Question 55

Using the provided image, choose the anatomical structure designated by letter B.

A)Right atrium
B)Right ventricle
C)Left ventricle
D)Left atrium

Question 56

Which blood vessel delivers blood directly into the right atrium?

A)Brachial artery
B)Vena cava
C)Aorta
D)Coronary artery

Question 57

Which of the following conditions occurs when a blood vessel in the brain becomes blocked?

A)Aneurysm
B)Stroke
C)Migraine
D)Myocardial infarction

Question 58

One of the primary functions of blood is to deliver oxygen-rich blood to the body's tissues. This is accomplished by ________________, which contain the oxygen-carrying protein called ___________________.

A)leukocytes; myoglobin
B)platelets; hemoglobin
C)plasma; albumin
D)erythrocytes; hemoglobin

Question 59

Which of the following comparisons between arteries and veins is true?

A)Veins have thick, muscular walls, while arteries have thin, more compliant walls.
B)Veins carry freshly oxygenated blood from tissue back to the heart, while arteries carry oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart.
C)Veins have a smaller diameter than arteries.
D)Veins have valves, and arteries do not.

Question 60

A decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood would result in __________________.

A)increased oxygen-carrying capacity
B)decreased oxygen-carrying capacity
C)increased blood viscosity
D)decreased blood pressure

Question 61

Which of the following correctly describes the flow of blood through the heart's primary chambers?

A)right ventricle, right atrium, vena cava, and aorta
B)right atrium, left atrium, aorta, and vena cava
C)right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle
D)right ventricle, left ventricle, aorta, and vena cava

Question 62

Which of the following lists the heart's primary valves in the order in which blood passes through them?

A)Tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar valve, bicuspid, aortic semilunar valve
B)Bicuspid, tricuspid, aortic semilunar valve, pulmonary semilunar valve
C)Tricuspid, bicuspid, aortic semilunar valve, pulmonary semilunar valve
D)Tricuspid, aortic semilunar valve, bicuspid, pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 63

The condition ________________ can often lead to ________________ due to buildup and blockage of coronary arteries, preventing blood flow to the myocardium.

A)atherosclerosis; myocardial infarction
B)arteriosclerosis; myocardial infarction
C)arteriosclerosis; stroke
D)atherosclerosis; stroke

Question 64

Blood pressure is recorded as two numbers, for example 110/70. The top number (110) represents ___________ blood pressure which is ____________________________.

A)Systole; the pressure in the blood vessels while the heart is filling
B)Diastole; the pressure in the blood vessels while the heart is filling
C)Systole; the pressure in the blood vessels while the heart is ejecting blood
D)Diastole; the pressure in the blood vessels while the heart is ejecting blood

Question 65

In order for the heart to contract, an action potential must be generated at the sinoatrial node. If this signal fails to reach the Purkinje fibers, what will be the result?

A)The systolic period will be elongated
B)The diastolic period will be shortened
C)The Purkinje fibers will act as pacemaker cells but fire at a slower rate
D)The ventricles will not contract and blood will pool within the heart

Question 66

Which of the following lists the blood vessels in the order of blood flow from the left ventricle back to the heart at the right atrium?

A)Arterioles, arteries, aorta, vena cava, veins, venules, capillaries
B)Aorta, arterioles, arteries, capillaries, veins, venules, vena cava
C)Vena cava, veins, venules, capillaries, arterioles, arteries, aorta
D)Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava

Question 67

Using the provided image, choose the anatomical structure designated by letter J.

A)Pulmonary Artery
B)Pulmonary Vein
C)Aorta
D)Superior Vena cava

Question 68

The _________________ carries oxygen depleted blood away from the heart, while the ________________ carries oxygen-rich blood back towards the heart.

A)pulmonary vein; pulmonary artery
B)pulmonary artery; pulmonary vein
C)vena cava; pulmonary artery
D)aorta; pulmonary artery

Question 69

Which of the following is not true about the lymphatic system?

A)The lymphatic system facilitates the filtering of fluid at the lymph nodes.
B)The lymphatic system transports a fluid called lymph throughout the body.
C)The lymphatic system includes the spleen, thymus, and tonsils.
D)The lymphatic system transports both white blood cells and red blood cells.

Question 70

______________ is a condition in which red blood cells are poorly functioning and have reduced ability to carry oxygen.

A)Hypokalemia
B)Hypertension
C)Leukemia
D)Anemia

Question 71

Which of the following arteries has the primary responsibility of supplying blood to the reproductive system?

A)Gonadal artery
B)Inguinal artery
C)Femoral artery
D)Common iliac artery

Question 72

In order for blood to be delivered to the body (i.e. the systemic circuit), enough pressure must be developed by the ___________ to push open the ________________.

A)right ventricle; pulmonary semilunar valve
B)right ventricle; aortic semilunar valve
C)left ventricle; pulmonary semilunar valve
D)left ventricle; aortic semilunar valve

Question 73

Which of the following describes what would happen during a period of hyperventilation?

A)Increased oxygen uptake results in greater tissue perfusion
B)Increased carbon dioxide levels result in an increase in pH
C)Decreased carbon dioxide levels result in an increase in pH
D)Decreased carbon dioxide levels result in a decrease in pH

Question 74

Which of the following is not typically a result of an embolus?

A)Pulmonary embolism
B)TIA
C)Myocardial infarction
D)Atherosclerosis

Question 75

Which of the following correctly pairs structure and function?

A)colon / absorption of glucose
B)duodenum / reabsorption of water
C)stomach / chemical digestion
D)mouth / nutrient absorption

Question 76

Of the following organs, which has both endocrine and digestive functions?

A)Gallbladder
B)Colon
C)Duodenum
D)Pancreas

Question 77

The term _________________ refers to the contraction of smooth muscle in the digestive system that moves food along the GI tract.

A)vasoconstriction
B)segmentation
C)retroperistalsis
D)peristalsis

Question 78

Which of the following is not part of the small intestine?

A)Colon
B)Duodenum
C)Ileum
D)Jejunum

Question 79

Which of the following statements is true about protein digestion?

A)The majority of mechanical protein digestion occurs in the stomach.
B)Chemical digestion of protein initially occurs in the mouth.
C)Absorption of protein occurs primarily in the small intestine.
D)The majority of protein absorption occurs in the large intestine.

Question 80

Which of the following statements regarding digestion is false?

A)The pancreas secretes the hormone insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.
B)Villi and microvilli increase surface area for absorption.
C)The hormone glucagon is secreted from the pancreas and stimulates mechanical digestion.
D)The presence of fiber in the esophagus promotes peristalsis.