Deck 11: Marriage, Work, and Economics

Question 1

In two-parent families, we find that

A) mothers spend more time caring for children than fathers only if mothers are employed.
B) mothers' involvement with children is primarily spent in play.
C) women are primary caretakers; men are secondary.
D) men are more accessible and engaged with children than are women.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What is the primary daycare solution for most employed mothers with children 5 to 14 years old?

A) In-home daycare
B) Family members
C) Licensed day care programs
D) School attendance

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Employed women have ________ compared to nonemployed homemakers.

A) less domestic support from their partners
B) better mental health
C) more health problems
D) a lower sense of control

Answer 3

B

Question 4

When looking at fathers' involvement with children, we find that

A) fathers are more involved with daughters than with sons.
B) fathers are more involved with older children than younger children.
C) fathers are less involved with firstborn than later-born children.
D) fathers spend more time in play with sons than with daughters.

Question 5

Many workplaces in the United States have implemented "humanistic management" policies designed to enhance worker morale and productivity and to reduce turnover.

Question 6

Coping resources in dealing with unemployment include which of the following?

A) Accepting reality
B) Defining the meaning of the problem
C) A feeling of mastery
D) Displacement intervention techniques

Question 7

Which term is defined as a mix of sex and power, with power being the dominant element?

A) Sexual harassment
B) Gender-based occupational stratification
C) Sexual authority
D) Sexual influence

Question 8

The division of family roles along stereotypical gender lines does not vary by race or class.

Question 9

In 2015, women who worked full time earned about what percentage of the income of men?

A) 60.9%
B) 70.1%
C) 82.5%
D) 90.3%

Question 10

Which couples have the least equitable division of household labor?

A) Cohabiting couples
B) Same-sex couples
C) Married heterosexual couples
D) There is no difference

Question 11

In accounting for the lack of utilization of workplace policies, Hochschild considered a variety of explanations, including the following questions, except 

A) Can employees afford to work fewer hours?
B) Do they fear being laid off?
C) Do employees even know about policies?
D) Do employees have sensitive and sincere supervisors?

Question 12

The process and responsibility for worrying about children is called

A) mental labor.
B) emotion work.
C) childcare.
D) enlightenment.

Question 13

Work-family tensions seem to be greater on mothers than on fathers.

Question 14

When the demands attached to any particular status are contradictory or incompatible, we experience

A) role overload.
B) inter-role conflict.
C) role strain.
D) work spillover.

Question 15

When someone acts in sexual ways so as to interfere with another person's job performance, it is called

A) occupational stratification.
B) a hostile environment.
C) sex discrimination.
D) a quid pro quo request.

Question 16

In order to look after sick children, for example, allowances are made in the American workplace for flexibility in the following except

A) work schedules
B) extra pay
C) daycare
D) emergency time off

Question 17

Hochschild has found that when companies offered family-friendly policies, most

A) employees did not use them.
B) employees used them.
C) men used them but few women did.
D) women used them but few men did.

Question 18

Couples in which spouses work different, often nonoverlapping shifts so that one partner is home while the other is at work are called _____ couples.

A) turn-taking
B) alternating
C) shift
D) "hello, goodbye"

Question 19

Probably the single activity to which the majority of employed men and women devote the most time outside of sleeping is

A) their children.
B) watching TV.
C) their jobs.
D) home upkeep.

Question 20

Families that function as economic partnerships dependent on the efforts of both husband and wife are known as

A) dual-career families.
B) dual-earner families.
C) co-provider families.
D) domestic corporations.

Question 21

African Americans are less likely to divide household tasks along gender lines than Caucasians.

Question 22

Some working women do not insist on husbands' equal participation in housework because they don't believe their husbands are competent.

Question 23

What is cited as the primary reason that women's employment has increased?

A) Economic necessity
B) Women want to work for physical fitness
C) Worse job opportunities for women
D) More mothers are married now than ever before

Question 24

Men tend to see their role in housekeeping or childcare as

A) critical to the family.
B) their primary role.
C) very fulfilling.
D) "helping their partner."

Question 25

Couples who engage in shift work are more likely to divorce.

Question 26

Define "shift couples," and identify how shift work affects family life.

Question 27

The "traditional" division of labor involves

A) work being divided by age.
B) work roles that are gendered and complementary.
C) work roles that are the same for men and women.
D) dividing labor depending on who is most skilled at a particular task.

Question 28

About one-third of children between 12 and 14 years of age are in self-care.

Question 29

Discuss the factors identified in the text that appear to influence men's involvement in housework.

Question 30

Women who work full-time earn about 80% of the income of men.

Question 31

A father deciding whether he should attend his son's Little League game or e work overtime is an example of

A) role conflict.
B) inter-role strain.
C) novitiate stage.
D) work spillover.

Question 32

The husband's traditional role as _______ has been his most fundamental role in marriage.

A) father
B) provider
C) neighbor
D) decision-maker

Question 33

Which group is least likely to divide family roles along stereotypical gender lines?

A) African American families
B) Latino families
C) Asian families
D) Caucasian families

Question 34

Nonemployed women are physically healthier than employed women.

Question 35

An equitable division of labor is the same as an equal division of labor.

Question 36

Define sexual harassment, and identify and define the two types of harassment. What are the effects of sexual harassment on victims?

Question 37

When mothers and fathers feel they have or spend too little time with their children, life satisfaction is

A) slightly reduced for mothers and fathers.
B) greatly reduced for mothers and fathers.
C) significantly reduced for fathers but not for mothers.
D) significantly reduced for mothers but not for fathers.

Question 38

Characterize peer marriages.

Question 39

Ann is extremely stressed at work because state budget cuts may jeopardize a promotion for which she was in line. During this time, she comes home and gets upset about the amount of work she still has to do in the household. She and her partner have a big argument about housework. This illustrates

A) role strain.
B) role conflict.
C) crossover.
D) spillover.

Question 40

Discuss the five areas affected when fathers are at home and mothers are breadwinners.