Deck 19: Modern Transitions: Revolutions, Industries, Ideologies, Empires, 1750-1914

Question 1

Who led the successful Haitian revolt against the French?

A) Jose de San Martin
B) Simon Bolivar
C) Toussaint L'Ouverture

Answer 1

Toussaint L'Ouverture

Question 2

The Second Industrial Revolution, after 1870, was marked by less competition because of the rise of which of the following?

A) Government intervention
B) Monopolies
C) Multinational corporations

Answer 2

Monopolies

Question 3

What was the fundamental duty of the Committee for Public Safety?

A) Regulating traffic
B) Ending highway robberies and violence
C) Arresting and executing opponents of the French government

Answer 3

Arresting and executing opponents of the French government

Question 4

In 1808, the Portuguese royal family relocated to Brazil for which of the following reasons?

A) Portugal had become a parliamentary democracy.
B) Napoleon was invading Portugal.
C) The Crown sought to directly manage Brazil's sugar plantations.

Question 5

Which of the following was the first nation to industrialize?

A) Britain
B) France
C) Belgium

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the Congress of Vienna in 1815?

A) It was a one-sided peace agreement that divided France between Britain, Russia, and Prussia.
B) It was a peace settlement mostly dominated by victorious allied powers such as Britain and Prussia.
C) It was a fair peace settlement that actually strengthened France after the Napoleonic wars.

Question 7

Which of the following was the first industry to be mechanized?

A) Railroads
B) Mining
C) Textiles

Question 8

Which of the following was a difference between British North American colonies and Spain's Latin American colonies ?

A) Latin American colonies were given little self-government.
B) Latin American economies were economically diverse.
C) Latin American colonies were overwhelmingly populated by white Europeans.

Question 9

What was the estimated population of people living in the thirteen colonies on the eve of the American Revolution?

A) 10 million
B) 1 million
C) 2 million

Question 10

What specifically did the Luddites oppose about industrialization?

A) The replacement of human labor by machines
B) The movement of women into the workplace
C) The rise of slavery instead of waged labor

Question 11

By the mid-1800s, what state produced two-thirds of the world's coal and half the iron?

A) Belgium
B) United States
C) Britain

Question 12

Which of the following were NOT members of the emerging middle class?

A) Factory workers
B) Prosperous farmers
C) Businessmen

Question 13

Which of the following Revolutions occurred first?

A) The French Revolution
B) The American Revolution
C) The Haitian Revolution

Question 14

Revolutionary France transformed warfare by introducing which of the following institutions?

A) A national army formed of conscripts
B) New long-range rifles
C) The guillotine

Question 15

Which of the following was a result of the Haitian Revolution?

A) American slaves were imported to take over sugar production.
B) Napoleon granted the Island its independence.
C) Toussaint L'Ouverture died in a French prison.

Question 16

Which Jacobin leader facilitated the "Reign of Terror"?

A) Louis Philippe
B) Napoleon Bonaparte
C) Maximilien Robespierre

Question 17

Which of the following describes Napoleon's response to revolutionary principles?

A) He established universal suffrage and an elected presidency.
B) He took sole power himself, effectively thwarting democratic development.
C) He enacted laws giving free access to education and social equality.

Question 18

Who were the men who led the revolts that overthrew Spanish rule in South America?

A) Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar
B) Manuel Hidalgo and Jose Maria Morelos
C) Simon Bolivar and Jose Maria Morelos

Question 19

The Industrial Revolution was transformative for what reason?

A) It led to the substitution of human or animal labor for machines.
B) It led to the development of many new technologies.
C) It slowed down transportation of goods to key markets.

Question 20

Gran Colombia included which of the following South American states?

A) Columbia, Ecuador, and Venezuela
B) Columbia, Chile, and Peru
C) Columbia, Brazil, and Ecuador

Question 21

Which European group was successful in realizing its nationalist aspirations in the nineteenth century?

A) Irish
B) Italians
C) Poles

Question 22

German unification was accomplished after which of the following?

A) A war with Austria
B) A war with France
C) A war with Denmark

Question 23

What is the proletariat?

A) The professional middle class
B) The industrial working class
C) The educated elite and land-owning aristocracy

Question 24

Which policies resulted in severe financial distress for France?

Question 25

Why did some colonists in the thirteen British North American colonies resent British rule?

A) Restrictions on developing local industries like manufacturing
B) Taxes only went to Parliament and not to local governments
C) Colonists no longer thought of themselves as British.

Question 26

Which of the following was true of the white American colonists before the Revolution?

A) They paid lower taxes than people in Britain.
B) They could not vote for local assemblies.
C) They were not allowed to own slaves.

Question 27

Why did Louis XVI summon the Estates General, and what was the result?

Question 28

Why did rebellions break out in Britain's American colonies in the 1770s?

Question 29

In the early nineteenth century, the Greeks revolted against which state?

A) The Ottoman Empire
B) England
C) Austria

Question 30

The major factor in the push by Europe (and the United States) for new overseas colonies in the latenineteenth century was which of the following?

A) A need for more slaves
B) A desire to spread Christianity
C) Excess capital that needed investment outlets abroad

Question 31

According to Marx, how did religion affect the development of working-class solidarity?

A) It competed for people's loyalties and made them accept the social order.
B) It led to a slave morality and a loss of moral autonomy.
C) It placed too much emphasis on compassion and charity.

Question 32

Describe the demography of Britain's American colonies.

Question 33

Which nation provided the majority of the funding necessary to build the Suez Canal?

A) Egypt
B) France
C) Britain

Question 34

Marx's major points in The Communist Manifesto included which of the following?

A) Private property should be preserved as a way to enrich the poor.
B) People need to take action to bring about the communist revolution.
C) Nationalism makes it easier to achieve class consciousness among workers.

Question 35

Social Darwinism included which of the following ideas?

A) Only the fittest societies and cultures survived.
B) Natural selection has no bearing on the fate of societies and cultures.
C) Europeans had the right to rule others because of their religion.

Question 36

What was the result of the American Revolution in the Americas?

Question 37

The two largest overseas empires by 1914 were held by which states?

A) Britain and France
B) Britain and the United States
C) The Ottomans and Britain

Question 38

Nineteenth century liberalism advocated which of the following?

A) The abolition of private property
B) Individual freedom from government constraints
C) Limited participation in government

Question 39

How were Britain's American colonies financed and governed?

Question 40

Which of the following joined England, Scotland, and Wales into the United Kingdom?

A) The 1800 Act of Union
B) The 1707 Act of Union
C) The 1880 Act of Union

Question 41

What social order was nationalism's biggest supporters and why?

Question 42

Why did the French revolutionaries not execute the king until 1793?

Question 43

What was Napoleon's response to the Haitian revolution?

Question 44

How did the Patriots treat the Loyalists after winning the American Revolution?

A) They offered to buy their land.
B) They confiscated their land and expelling many of them.
C) They offered them full citizenship in the new country.

Question 45

How did the French Revolution begin?

Question 46

Why did Toussaint lead a revolt in Haiti?

Question 47

Who wrote most of the Declaration of Independence for the American colonists?

A) Tom Paine
B) John Adams
C) Thomas Jefferson

Question 48

How did the Industrial Revolution change European societies?

Question 49

Why did colonial elites lead revolutionary movements against European states?

Question 50

How did other European states respond to the French Revolution?

Question 51

Describe Italian unification.

Question 52

How did the Church's policies lead to revolts across the Spanish empire in the 1700s?

Question 53

What are the key concepts that underpin liberalism?

Question 54

What was the Industrial Revolution?

Question 55

Where did the finance for early industrialization come from?

Question 56

How did Napoleon become Consul of France?

Question 57

How did European states resist Napoleonic Expansion? What was the result of their efforts?

Question 58

Describe working conditions during the early Industrial Revolution.

Question 59

Describe German unification.

Question 60

What is nationalism?

Question 61

What are the key concepts underpinning socialism?

Question 62

Which of the following was NOT a cause of the French Revolution?

A) The example of the Haitian Revolution
B) Government debt incurred by helping the American revolutionaries
C) Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette's overspending and perceived insensitivity

Question 63

How did European governments respond to the Industrial Revolution? What were the results of these responses for the economy? For workers themselves?

Question 64

Why was Britain willing to go to war to often in the course of imperial expansion?

Question 65

To what extent were socialism and nationalism compatible? To what extent were they contradictory?

Question 66

How is Marxism different to socialism, liberalism, and nationalism? In what ways are they similar?

Question 67

How were German and Italian unifications similar? How were they different? What role did war play in both?

Question 68

How was the Haitian Revolution similar to the French and American revolutions? Did the French response live up to these principles? Why or why not?

Question 69

What were the necessary bases of the Industrial Revolution? Why did some states possess them while other states did not?

Question 70

To what extent were liberalism and nationalism compatible? To what extent were they contradictory?

Question 71

Why did British settlers in the American colonies resist British taxes raised to defray the costs of wars? To what extent was their resistance popular in the colonies?

Question 72

How did Bolivar and San Martin's efforts inspire other revolutionary movements? What was the European response?

Question 73

What are Marxism's main predictions?

Question 74

Why did Britain pursue imperial expansion in the nineteenth century?

Question 75

How did the communications revolution affect European imperialism?

Question 76

When the Estates General refused to allow the Third Estate to increase the number of its delegates, how did the representatives of the Third Estate initially respond?

A) Immediate declaration of war against King Louis XIV
B) Formed a rival assembly
C) Fled to neighboring Austria

Question 77

What were the most important factors that contributed to American victory in the revolution against Britain?

Question 78

To what extent was the French Revolution a coordinated uprising and to what extent was it under no central direction?

Question 79

What socialist principles underpin Marxism?

Question 80

To what extent did nationalism help consolidate European states in the nineteenth century, and to what extent did nationalism pull them apart?