Deck 25: Imperialism and Nationalism in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, 1914-1945

Question 1

Which of the following positions did Muhammad Ali Jinnah advocate?

A) That separate states should be created for Hindus and Muslims
B) That Islamic Law should be the basis for India's legal system
C) That Indian education should avoid religious topics

Answer 1

That Indian education should avoid religious topics

Question 2

The Great Salt March was revolutionary for what reason?

A) Gandhi defied the British government and led his followers across Indian state borders.
B) Gandhi led his followers through Muslim territories against the wishes of the Muslim League.
C) Gandhi and his followers encouraged the violation of the colonial monopoly on salt production.

Answer 2

Gandhi and his followers encouraged the violation of the colonial monopoly on salt production.

Question 3

In the Chinese-Japanese War, whom did the United States support?

A) No one
B) Chiang and the Guomindang
C) Mao Zedong and the Communists

Answer 3

Chiang and the Guomindang

Question 4

After Sun Yat-sen died, his Guomindang movement was taken over by which leader?

A) Chiang Kai-shek
B) Mao Zedong
C) Hong Xiuquan

Question 5

What was Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar's opinion on Gandhi's reforms?

A) They were too radical.
B) They were too limited.
C) They were highly impractical.

Question 6

In French ruled Vietnam, villages were forced to purchase a certain amount of what product, to provide revenues to the French government?

A) Rubber
B) Tea
C) Opium

Question 7

Which of the following was a major obstacle to African nationalism?

A) The artificial political boundaries that Europeans had drawn discouraged nationalist politics.
B) Most Africans thought gaining Western political experience would harm local political traditions.
C) Africans did not wish to take control of colonial governments.

Question 8

During World War II, how did the British government treat the Indian National Congress?

A) They granted them full control over Indian domestic affairs in return for support for the war effort.
B) The Congress leadership was arrested and jailed until the end of the war.
C) They forced them to accept the demands of the Muslim League.

Question 9

How many Chinese civilians died in "the Rape of Nanjing" perpetrated by Japanese occupation forces?

A) 10,000
B) 300,000
C) 100,000

Question 10

Why did Mao Zedong lead his army on the Long March?

A) To prevent Japanese forces from invading northern China
B) To escape persecution from Guomindang forces
C) To reach the sea and launch an invasion of Taiwan

Question 11

During World War II, the Viet Minh's opposition to the Japanese received assistance from which power?

A) France
B) China
C) The United States

Question 12

Why did Indian nationalist Subhas Chandra Bose join the Japanese side during World War II?

A) He was forced to after being captured.
B) He wanted to seize power from the Indian National Congress.
C) He thought Japanese invasion would free India from British rule.

Question 13

Disillusioned by American and European colonial systems, Nguyen Ai Quoc founded what political party in Paris in the 1920s?

A) French Communist Party
B) The Viet Minh
C) Vietnamese Solidarity Party

Question 14

Why did Japan seize the Manchuria region of China in 1931?

A) To relieve Soviet pressure on Japanese-occupied Korea
B) To gain access to rich mineral resources
C) Because they were ordered to by the United States

Question 15

Which of the following occurred in Nigeria, Senegal, Kenya, and the Belgian Congo during the interwar years?

A) Each achieved independence.
B) Each experienced violent anticolonial uprisings.
C) Each was administered by the League of Nations.

Question 16

Indian faith in British rule was undermined most by which of the following?

A) The Indian National Congress
B) The Amritsar massacre
C) The Government of India Act

Question 17

The Northern Expedition was a Guomindang movement against whom in China?

A) Communists
B) Nationalists
C) Warlords

Question 18

Which of the following ideologies did the Javanese Sukarno NOT favor?

A) Capitalism
B) Marxism
C) Islam

Question 19

During World War I, who occupied the Shandong peninsula and presented China with a list of 21 Demands that restricted the sovereignty of the Chinese government?

A) Germany
B) The United States
C) Japan

Question 20

Which of the following did Gandhi believe should be preserved in India?

A) Industrialization
B) British rule
C) The caste system

Question 21

How did the Great Depression affect many South American and African economies?

A) It led to a collapse of many regimes in both continents.
B) It allowed industry to develop in both continents.
C) It led to a severe collapse in key export goods like coffee.

Question 22

Which of the following was NOT an idea held by the Muslim Brotherhood?

A) Distaste for Western films and bars
B) A strict interpretation of the Qur'an and the hadiths
C) A strict limitation on women's right

Question 23

Where did colonial nationalism enjoy the most support?

Question 24

The African National Congress was founded by whom?

A) Nelson Mandela
B) South African Communists
C) South African middle class activists

Question 25

Describe the origins of the Guomindang.

Question 26

Describe the origins of the Chinese Communist Party.

Question 27

T.E. Lawrence helped which minority group rebel against the Ottoman Empire?

A) Arabs
B) Kurds
C) Armenians

Question 28

Which of the following was not a port city founded by European colonizers?

A) Hong Kong
B) Jakarta
C) Nairobi

Question 29

How did the Treaty of Versailles affect the Ottoman Empire?

A) It required that reparation be paid.
B) It demanded democratic reforms.
C) It distributed its territories to different powers.

Question 30

After World War I, British Iraq was divided among which groups?

A) Sunni Kurds, Shi'i Arabs, and Shi'ite Persians
B) Sunni Kurds, Sunni Arabs, and Shi'ite Arabs
C) Shi'i Kurds, Sunni Arabs, and Shi'ite Arabs

Question 31

Describe European policy toward their empires after World War II.

Question 32

How did European colonies participate in World War II?

Question 33

When did Britain end its occupation of Egypt?

A) 1919
B) 1930
C) 1936

Question 34

Which of the following occurred in Egypt, Syria, Iraq, and Lebanon in the 1930s?

A) Each was conquered by Turkey.
B) Each established elected parliaments.
C) Each discovered major oil reserves.

Question 35

Chile's government in the early twentieth century is best described how?

A) Democratic
B) Autocratic
C) Fascist

Question 36

Which of the following was one of Ataturk's policies?

A) Establishing Islam as the official, state religion
B) Turkish reconquest of Ottoman territories
C) Equal legal rights for women

Question 37

Which Mexican ruler gave land to the peasants?

A) Getulio Vargas
B) Lazaro Cardenas
C) Plutarco Elias Calles

Question 38

What was the Balfour Declaration?

A) The Ottoman Sultan's agreement to create a Jewish homeland
B) The British government's agreement to support the creation of a Jewish homeland
C) The clause of the Versailles Treaty supporting a Jewish homeland

Question 39

Which of the following was NOT a major export from Latin America during the early twentieth century?

A) Beef
B) Coffee
C) Wheat

Question 40

Describe the key concepts underpinning colonial nationalism.

Question 41

What was the "Rape on Nanjing"?

Question 42

Why did Gandhi believe nonviolent resistance would be effective?

Question 43

Which of the following contributed to political unrest in European colonies before World War I?

A) Autonomy granted too quickly
B) Increasing militarism in the colonies
C) Alienation of subjects' land and property

Question 44

Why was secularism such an important part of the new Turkish nationalism?

Question 45

What happened to former Ottoman territories after World War I?

Question 46

What was the goal of the Muslim League in British India?

Question 47

What ideologies did anti-colonialist turn to in order to achieve independence? What similarities and differences were there between these various ideologies?

Question 48

Describe the results of British influence in Persia during the interwar period.

Question 49

What ideologies underpinned nationalist movements in the Dutch East Indies?

Question 50

How did the Guomindang and the CCP respond to Japanese invasion in 1937?

Question 51

Describe Vietnamese strategies of resisting French rule.

Question 52

How did the Great Depression affect Latin America?

Question 53

How did European states attempt to retain their colonial empires during and after World War II? What were the results of these attempts?

Question 54

What was the Amritsar massacre and why was it significant?

Question 55

In 1936, Italy invaded and conquered which African state after being defeated previously?

A) The Congo
B) Liberia
C) Ethiopia

Question 56

How did the United States attempt to supply Chinese forces during World War II?

Question 57

Describe the goals of pan-Africanism.

Question 58

Describe the "Estado Novo" program.

Question 59

How did Ambedkar challenge Gandhi's platform?

Question 60

How was the Zionist cause affected by World War I and its results?

Question 61

To what extent was the Government of India Act a result of Indian nationalist resistance, and to what extent was it a result of British policy?

Question 62

Between World War I and World War II, what kind of policies did the United States pursue in South America?

A) It attempted to control and influence many South American states.
B) It supported the development of free democratic institutions in South America.
C) It invaded several South American states and established occupation governments.

Question 63

How did the Guomindang fight the war? What policies did they implement and what was the result of those policies? What was its relative position in China after the war, compared to the CCP?

Question 64

To what extent did Gandhi, Nehru, and Jinnah share the same position on Indian independence and the new state to follow? To what extent did they disagree? Why?

Question 65

Describe the relationship between the Guomindang, the Chinese Communist Party, and foreign powers before and during the outbreak of World War II.

Question 66

How was African anti-colonialism shaped by race and class? Discuss examples from at least two colonies.

Question 67

How did World War I and its results benefit nationalist causes in the former Ottoman Empire? How did it hamper nationalist movements?

Question 68

In British-controlled Burma, which group led large-scale nationalist protests in the 1930s?

A) Marxist-inspired workers
B) Students
C) Conservative Buddhist monks

Question 69

How did Japanese occupation affect anticolonial movements in Vietnam, Burma, and the Dutch East Indies?

Question 70

How did Britain gain its Middle Eastern territories after World War I? How did it govern each, and what were the results of British policy in the region?

Question 71

Which was the most important guiding ideology in Latin America: nationalism, anti-colonialism, socialism, or Marxism? Use examples from at least two states to make your argument.

Question 72

Which of the following best describes Chen Duxiu's New Culture Movement in 1915?

A) It encouraged Western intellectual openness and opposed traditional Chinese culture.
B) It called for the expulsion of foreign influences and a return to isolationism.
C) It challenged Chinese peasants to revolt against the Republic and join the communists.

Question 73

The Chinese Revolution of 1911-1912 produced what type of government?

A) A centralized dictatorship
B) A council of warlords
C) A weak republic