Deck 13: Sexism and Efforts for Achieving Equality

Question 1

​All of the following statements are true except that:

A) ​the overall gap between men's and women's pay has increased in spite of government interference.
B) feminists have attacked employment and promotion practices that discriminate against women.
C) ​the women's movement views access to abortions as a basic right of women.
D) ​feminists have made some inroads into the sexual biases built into the English language.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

_____ is an idea propagated by some feminists and social scientists urging that men and women to be socialized to be flexible in their role playing and to express themselves as human beings rather than in traditional feminine or masculine ways.

A) ​Polyandry
B) ​Androgyny
C) ​Gender correction
D) ​Unisexuality

Answer 2

B

Question 3

​Which of the following statements is true of sexist implications built into the English language?

A) The modern-day use of "Ms." is a desired nonsexist alternative term.
B) ​Traditional customs assume a woman will continue using her family name upon marriage.
C) Contemporary books tend to use the pronoun "he" to refer in a generic sense to a person when the gender is unspecified.
D) ​Books in the past tended to use gender-neutral terms, such as mail carrier, server, and office cleaner.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

​All of the following are true except that:

A) ​boys are encouraged to play games that are more competitive than the games girls play.
B) school textbooks portray female characters as more passive and dependent and less creative than males.
C) ​girls get more attention from teachers than do boys.

Question 5

​_____ involves attributing of fixed and usually inaccurate and unfavorable qualities to a category of people.

A) ​Stratification
B) ​Dimensionalizing
C) ​Stereotyping
D) ​Unionism

Question 6

​The _____ is the largest women's rights group in the United States of America.

A) ​American Suffragettes
B) ​National Organization for Women
C) ​American Association of Women
D) ​National Feminist Society

Question 7

​In comparison to men, women:

A) ​tend to be heavier and have greater physical strength.
B) ​have greater physical endurance.
C) ​are more susceptible to most diseases.
D) ​have higher rates of fetal and infant mortality.

Question 8

The three basic styles of interacting with others are nonassertive, assertive, and _____.

A) ​aggressive
B) ​destructive
C) ​indifferent
D) ​balanced

Question 9

​Which of the following is a reason for the differences in occupations and income between men and women?

A) ​Males seeking employment are encouraged by prospective employers to accept lower-level positions.
B) ​Female children are socialized to seek lower-paying occupations and careers.
C) ​There is a societal tendency to assign lower pay to job categories in which men are concentrated.
D) ​Men tend to perform significantly better than their female counterparts.

Question 10

Prejudice and discrimination against women are often referred to as _____.

A) ageism
B) gender distinction
C) ​accentuation
D) ​sexism

Question 11

​Which of the following is a true statement about women?

A) ​In their traditional doctrines, most religions ascribe inferior status to women.
B) ​In America, women obtained the right to vote in the 1700s, when the government was first formed.
C) ​Buddhism asserts that an ideal wife should have wishes of her own.
D) ​Before the Industrial Revolution, practically all societies had come to assign equal roles for men and women.

Question 12

​Identify a true statement in the context of religion and women.

A) ​In almost all houses of worship, God is referred to as "She."
B) ​The Roman Catholic Church accepts women ministers and priests.
C) ​Jewish men offer a daily prayer of thanks to God for not having made them women.
D) ​Buddhism asserts that an ideal husband always tries to make his wife happy and serves her well.

Question 13

​The term _____ refers to the problems women face in juggling their roles as employees with those of mothers and caregivers.

A) ​maternal wall
B) ​glass ceiling
C) ​glass wall
D) ​maternal ceiling

Question 14

​Female genital mutilation may result in each of the following except:

A) ​reduced or lost sexual sensation.
B) ​infertility.
C) painful intercourse.
D) heightened sex drive.

Question 15

According to Sigmund Freud, young girls discover that their genitals differ from boys', which leads them to have _____.

A) genital pride
B) ​penis envy
C) ​castration anxiety
D) ​phallophobia

Question 16

​Which of the following is true of affirmative action programs?

A) In spite of criticism, there has not been any effort to end them.
B) ​Employers must give hiring preference to minority applicants.
C) ​They do not apply to women because they are not a minority group.
D) ​They are now mandated in all school and college admissions.

Question 17

​_____ define how men and women are to behave and how they are to be treated by others and are largely based on stereotypes.

A) ​Gender neutralities
B) ​Sex-role expectations
C) ​Biological inequalities
D) ​Personal self-conceptualizations​

Question 18

Which of the following falls under the distinct category of nonverbal sexual harassment?

A) ​Grabbing or groping
B) ​Brushing against the body
C) Making sexist insults or jokes
D) Mooning or flashing

Question 19

​Identify a true statement regarding sex-role stereotyping.

A) Women are more likely than men to commit suicide.
B) Women have a higher life expectancy than men in the American society.
C) Females have higher rates of stress-related illnesses, such as heart disease, ulcers, and hypertension.
D) ​Women view themselves as failures when they cannot meet the financial needs of their families.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a lower-paying, lower-status position where women tend to be concentrated?

A) ​Lawyer
B) ​Dentist
C) Electrician
D) Bank teller

Question 21

In 1982, the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was ratified as the 27th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Question 22

​There is a traditional view in our society that a woman cannot be both feminine and achievement oriented.

Question 23

Women who are judged less attractive may have less success at obtaining higher-status employment.

Question 24

​Women are considered a minority group because for generations they have been subjected to discrimination and have been denied equal opportunities.

Question 25

In Betty Friedan's book The Feminine Mystique, the term feminine mystique referred to the positive self-concept, clarity of direction, and a high sense of self-worth among women.

Question 26

​American women traditionally are expected to be affectionate, passive, conforming, sensitive, and dependent.

Question 27

​Girls tend to learn to talk and read at an earlier age than boys.

Question 28

​Fathers tend to play more aggressively with daughters than with sons.

Question 29

​Margaret Mead concluded that sex-role expectations are biologically determined.

Question 30

Parents and relatives are generally far more concerned when a girl acts like a "tomboy" than when a boy acts like a "sissy."

Question 31

​During the first few months of life, girls receive more distal stimulation from their parents, whereas boys receive more proximal stimulation.

Question 32

​Many societies have concluded that it is divinely ordained that women should play a secondary and supportive role to men.

Question 33

Failure by the husband to provide financial support for his family is grounds for divorce by the wife in some jurisdictions.

Question 34

Differences in income between men and women that were previously attributed to gender discrimination were found to be a result of seniority.

Question 35

Sexual harassment includes flirtation, flattery, and a request for a date.

Question 36

​In the context of double standards for male and female interactions, married women who have an affair are usually subjected to more disapproval than are married men who do.

Question 37

​Sexual harassment is not recognized as a form of sex discrimination as both men and women can be victims of unwanted sexual advances.

Question 38

Research shows that some females are actually taught to fear success and achievement and to "play dumb" in order to "boost the male ego."

Question 39

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was intended primarily to end racial discrimination and also prohibited discrimination on the basis of gender.

Question 40

​Research demonstrates that women who are full-time homemakers are happier than employed wives.

Question 41

Summarize the evidence that suggests that sexism exists in social work.

Question 42

​List five examples each of verbal, nonverbal, and physical forms of sexual harassment.

Question 43

The National Organization for Women (NOW) has been united in its determination to prohibit abortions.

Question 44

Describe the concept of "comparable worth" with regard to pay differentials between men and women.

Question 45

Summarize the problems faced by men as a result of sex-role stereotypes.

Question 46

Explain the consequences of sexism on the role of women in American politics and the corporate world.

Question 47

​Discuss recent developments with regard to sexism, and present an outlook for the future.

Question 48

​Simply stated, assertive behavior is expressing oneself without hurting or stepping on others.

Question 49

Describe the role of mass media in sex-role socialization.

Question 50

Explain female genital mutilation.

Question 51

What did a review of more than 100 studies by the American Association of University Women find regarding the socialization process occurring in schools?

Question 52

Briefly describe the effects of the Industrial Revolution and World War II on sex roles.

Question 53

List some of the traditional sex-role expectations for males in the American society.

Question 54

What do you understand by "maternal wall"?

Question 55

Comparable worth involves the concept of equal pay for comparable work rather than equal pay for equal work.

Question 56

​Female social workers are paid more annually than male social workers in the United States.

Question 57

Summarize the nine principles of feminist intervention.

Question 58

​As part of the sex-role revolution, men as well as women are becoming aware of the negative effects of sex-role distinctions.

Question 59

Discuss some of the biological differences between men and women.