Question 1

The most familiar product of thermal conversion is ordinary charcoal.

Accepted Answer

Thermal conversion involves heating organic material in the absence of oxygen to produce char, which can then be further processed into charcoal. Therefore, the most familiar product of thermal conversion is indeed ordinary charcoal.

Question 2

&#8203;Biodiesel may be used in conventional diesel engines without dilution or engine modification.

Accepted Answer

Biodiesel can be used directly in conventional diesel engines without any modification or dilution, as it has similar properties to petroleum diesel.

Question 3

Fermentation is an anaerobic process in which yeast converts sugar into _____ .&#10;A) &#8203;carbon dioxide&#10;B) nitrogen&#10;C) argon&#10;D) &#8203;ethanol

Accepted Answer

Fermentation is a process in which yeast or bacteria convert sugar into alcohol, primarily ethanol, and carbon dioxide in the absence of oxygen. Therefore, the correct answer is D, ethanol.

Question 4

&#8203;Biological conversion of biomass utilizes chemicals to break down organic matter into simpler constituents.

Accepted Answer

Biological conversion of biomass typically involves microorganisms or enzymes to break down organic matter into simpler constituents, rather than using chemicals.

Question 5

&#8203;_____ is a process of evaporating and condensing ethanol to separate it from its surrounding fluid and increase its concentration.&#10;A) &#8203;Distillation&#10;B) &#8203;Gasification&#10;C) &#8203;Thermal conversion&#10;D) &#8203;Pyrolysis

Accepted Answer

The process described is known as distillation, which is a common method for separating and concentrating different substances based on their boiling points. In this case, ethanol has a lower boiling point than the surrounding fluid, so it can be evaporated and then condensed to separate it and increase its concentration. Gasification, thermal conversion, and pyrolysis are all different processes with different goals and methods, so they are not suitable choices for this question.

Question 6

_____ of dry biomass such as forest products, agricultural residue, and municipal solid waste can generate heat and electricity in much the same manner as conventional coal-fired power plants.&#10;A) Biological conversion&#10;B) Direct combustion&#10;C) &#8203;Thermal conversion&#10;D) &#8203;Chemical conversion

Accepted Answer

Direct combustion of dry biomass involves burning the biomass material to produce heat, which can then be used to generate electricity, similar to the process in coal-fired power plants.

Question 7

&#8203;Biomass refers to all organic material created by the sun's energy through photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

Biomass includes all organic material that has been created by the sun's energy through photosynthesis, such as wood, crops, and waste from plants and animals. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 8

&#8203;Corn stover is left on the fields after harvest because it cannot be used as a source of biomass.

Accepted Answer

Corn stover can be used as a source of biomass for bioenergy, bioproducts, and biorefinery applications.

Question 9

&#8203;The efficiency with which plants convert sunlight into biomass varies among species and conditions, with a maximum as high as _____ and an average closer to _____ .&#10;A) &#8203;6%; 1%&#10;B) &#8203;10%; 3%&#10;C) 16%; 4%&#10;D) &#8203;26%; 10%

Accepted Answer

The maximum efficiency of photosynthesis in plants is around 6%, while the average efficiency is closer to 1%.

Question 10

&#8203;Charcoal retains _____ of the original energy of the wood, making it _____ as a fuel .&#10;A) &#8203;75%-80%; highly efficient&#10;B) &#8203;approximately 40%; adequate&#10;C) &#8203;approximately 60%; adequate&#10;D) &#8203;20%-40%; highly inefficient

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;Charcoal retains _____ of the original energy...

Question 11

&#8203;In addition to groundwater contamination, decomposing garbage in landfills produces _____, a greenhouse gas more potent than _____ .&#10;A) &#8203;carbon monoxide; methane&#10;B) &#8203;nitrous oxide; carbon dioxide&#10;C) &#8203;methane; carbon dioxide&#10;D) &#8203;carbon dioxide; nitrous oxide

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;In addition to groundwater contamination, decomposing garbage...

Question 12

&#8203;Which of the followings statements is true regarding dedicated energy crops?&#10;A) &#8203;Dedicated energy crops cull native wildlife habitat.&#10;B) &#8203;Dedicated energy crops improve water quality by reducing erosion and runoff.&#10;C) &#8203;Dedicated energy crops revitalize urban areas.&#10;D) &#8203;Dedicated energy crops create a domestic carbon-positive energy supply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;Which of the followings statements is true...

Question 13

Historically, the use of crop residues in high-temperature combustion chambers proved problematic due to the formation of _____, a corrosive salt deposit resulting from the vaporization of potassium and chlorine present in the crops.

A) stover
B) slag
C) clinker
D) grit

Accepted Answer

The answer of Historically, the use of crop residues in...

Question 14

&#8203;To minimize contamination of the bio-oil with water, the moisture content of the feedstock _____ .&#10;A) &#8203;must be less than 10%&#10;B) &#8203;must be between 10% and 15%&#10;C) &#8203;cannot be more than 15%&#10;D) &#8203;cannot be more than 25%

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;To minimize contamination of the bio-oil with...

Question 15

&#8203;A _____ is an insulated tank made of steel or concrete heats manure to an optimal temperature for microbial digestion.&#10;A) covered lagoon&#10;B) &#8203;plug flow&#10;C) &#8203;siphon tub&#10;D) &#8203;complete mix

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;A _____ is an insulated tank made...

Deck 10: Biomass