Deck 3: Genetics, Heredity, Environment, and Prenatal Development

Question 1

It is impossible to prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS from the mother to the fetus.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Infants with a relaxed and calm temperament are likely to remain calm as they develop.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Through the process of __________, the cell divides and replicates itself into two new somatic cells, each identical to the parent cell.​

A) ​mitosis
B) ​meiosis
C) ​division
D) ​replication

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The __________ model is not one of the models of genetic or environment interactions.​

A) ​additive
B) ​range of reaction
C) ​subtractive
D) ​genotype/environment interaction

Question 5

Through the process of __________, the germ cell is divided, and each resulting cell contains 23 chromosomes rather than 23 pairs of chromosomes.​

A) ​mitosis
B) ​meiosis
C) ​division
D) ​replication

Question 6

In genetic counseling, __________ is used to diagnosis hereditary abnormalities or disorders in the unborn fetus.​

A) ​amniocentesis
B) ​chorionic villus sampling
C) ​Both of the above
D) ​None of the above

Question 7

A missing chromosome is referred to as a trisomy.

Question 8

A newborn is considered to be a preterm birth if the newborn​

A) ​weighs 2500 grams.
B) ​is born prior to 37 weeks gestation.
C) ​is born prior to 39 weeks gestation.
D) ​All of the above

Question 9

The adverse effects of PKU on an infant cannot be prevented.

Question 10

The father's age has no effect on fetal or newborn outcomes.​

Question 11

The human nucleus contains 46 total chromosomes.

Question 12

Amniocentesis involves the removal of placental tissue to test it for fetal abnormalities.

Question 13

__________ is not one of the four bases of DNA.​

A) ​Adenine (A)
B) ​Thymine (T)
C) ​Guanine (G)
D) ​Carosene (C)

Question 14

Down syndrome is caused by​

A) ​an extra 23rd chromosome.
B) ​a mutated 23rd chromosome.
C) ​an extra 21st chromosome.
D) ​a missing 21st chromosome.

Question 15

At _____ cm dilation, contractions begin to push the fetus to the birth canal to prepare for delivery.​

A) 5​
B) ​3
C) ​10
D) ​8

Question 16

All of the following are categories assessed on the Apgar test except for​

A) ​respiration.
B) ​heart rate.
C) ​muscle tone.
D) ​vision.

Question 17

It is possible for a father to experience symptoms of postpartum depression.

Question 18

Twins reared in the same environment and twins reared apart score similarly on measures of personality and intelligence.

Question 19

A genetic counselor obtains an extensive family history to look for hereditary disorders that could possibly occur in the parents' children.

Question 20

Individuals' __________ contains their genetic makeup, whereas their __________ determines how their genetic makeup will be expressed given their environment.​

A) ​DNA; genotype
B) ​phenotype; genotype
C) ​genotype; phenotype
D) ​heredity; DNA

Question 21

In 2006, the leading cause of infant mortality in the United States was​

A) ​preterm birth.
B) ​low birth weight.
C) ​birth defects.
D) ​accidental death.

Question 22

The Human Genome Project discovered approximately _____ genes.​

A) ​100,000
B) ​10,000
C) ​200,000
D) ​20,500

Question 23

The __________ hypothesis states that nutrition during the prenatal period can have irreversible effects on the child's health, which can follow him or her into adulthood.​

A) ​Piaget
B) ​Barker
C) ​Skinner
D) ​Freud

Question 24

Describe three teratogenic substances and their effects on the developing fetus.

Question 25

The risk for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is greatest during the __________ stage of labor.​

A) ​third
B) ​second
C) ​delivery
D) ​active

Question 26

Describe the role of nature and nurture in the development of intelligence. Give examples.

Question 27

Infertile couples may wish to use an assistive reproductive technology, such as __________, which removes the women's egg from her uterus and fertilizes it with her partner's sperm in a Petri dish.​

A) ​in vitro fertilization
B) ​artificial insemination
C) ​intracystoplasmic sperm injection
D) ​in vitro insemination

Question 28

Describe two assistive reproductive technology options for infertile couples, including the benefits and drawbacks of each.

Question 29

Features of fetal alcohol syndrome include all of the following except​

A) ​neurological deficits.
B) ​low birth weight.
C) ​flattened facial features.
D) ​abnormally large skull size.

Question 30

A(n) __________ is an example of a long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC).​

A) ​IUD (intrauterine device)
B) ​male condom
C) ​oral birth control
D) ​plan B, or "the morning after pill"

Question 31

Microcephaly is a birth defect that includes​

A) ​flattened facial features.
B) ​smaller head circumference.
C) ​shortened body length.
D) ​lengthened forehead region.

Question 32

__________ is not a symptom of postpartum depression.​

A) ​Depressed mood
B) ​Feelings of insignificance
C) ​Lack of interest in daily activities
D) ​Persistent worry

Question 33

The idea that each individual has his or her own innate developmental trajectory is known as​

A) ​heredity.
B) ​canalization.
C) ​genetics.
D) ​genotypes.

Question 34

During a natural childbirth, it is important for the mother to relax in order to release __________ to ease the pain.​

A) ​adrenalin
B) ​endorphins
C) ​epidural
D) ​All of the above

Question 35

Describe the utility of a genetic counselor for a family with a known history of Down syndrome.

Question 36

The term __________ refers to the thinning of the cervix, which marks the beginning of the __________ phase of labor.​

A) ​dilation; active
B) ​dilation; latent
C) ​effacement; active
D) ​effacement; latent

Question 37

__________ protects the neonate from inflammation in the eyes caused by maternal transmission of chlamydia or gonorrhea.​

A) ​Silver nitrate
B) ​K1 injection
C) ​Nitrous oxide
D) ​Silver injection

Question 38

Monozygotic twins refers to __________, whereas dizygotic twins refers to​

A) ​fraternal twins; identical twins.
B) ​identical twins; fraternal twins.
C) ​male twins; female twins.
D) ​female twins; male twins.

Question 39

Kangaroo care is recommended to use with low-birth weight or preterm infants because it​

A) ​enhances mother-infant attachment.
B) ​steadies the infant's heart rate.
C) ​regulates the infant's temperature.
D) ​All of the above

Question 40

Describe the three stages of labor.