Deck 6: The Preschool Years Early Childhood Physical and Cognitive Development

Question 1

Which is not one of the recommended vaccines for preschool-age children?​

A) ​Tetanus
B) ​Pertussis
C) ​Hepatitis B
D) ​Measles, mumps, rubella

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Preschool children can hold about _____ items in working memory.​

A) ​0
B) ​4
C) ​8
D) ​10

Answer 2

B

Question 3

If a child encounters new information that cannot be adapted into existing schemas, the child must __________ the new information.​

A) disequalize​
B) ​equalize
C) ​assimilate
D) ​accommodate

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The most alarming health issue facing preschoolers today is​

A) ​chicken pox.
B) ​obesity.
C) ​unintentional injury.
D) ​measles.

Question 5

Attachment to security items in early childhood is an indication of excessive anxiety.

Question 6

Handedness is believed to be determined primarily through​

A) culture.​
B) ​genetics.
C) ​parental instruction.
D) ​social prompts.

Question 7

There is no way to increase the capacity of working memory.

Question 8

In order to move sensory information into working memory, one must​

A) ​use proximal thought.
B) ​first process in long-term memory.
C) ​pay attention to it.
D) ​create retrieval pathways.

Question 9

Piaget's preoperational stage is characterized by two substages: pre-conceptual and​

A) ​equilibrium.
B) ​animism.
C) ​intuitive.
D) ​intellectualism.

Question 10

Working memory has a limited capacity and a short duration.

Question 11

REM sleep is typified by breathing and heart rates similar to waking states, eye movement, and increased brain activity.

Question 12

By age 3 years, children can draw​

A) ​shapes and designs.
B) ​abstract designs.
C) ​detailed faces.
D) ​recognizable objects such as houses.

Question 13

Adlerian-based parenting programs promote the use of praise.

Question 14

Egocentrism means the ability to understand another's point of view.

Question 15

According to Piaget, children must have acquired language before they can perceive the concept of time.

Question 16

The plasticity of the brain is greatest during childhood.

Question 17

The zone of proximal development​

A) ​is the difference between what one can do independently and can do with help.
B) ​is a regulatory language process.
C) ​refers to a lack of strategic function.
D) ​emphasizes learning impediments.

Question 18

Semantics refers to the use of words to express meanings and thoughts.

Question 19

The leading cause of death for preschool children is cancer.

Question 20

The most common preventable, chronic disease in early childhood is​

A) ​mumps.
B) ​pneumococcal.
C) ​hepatitis.
D) ​dental cavities.

Question 21

A(n) __________ consequence occurs when children are allowed to experience the consequences of their behavioral choices.​

A) ​illogical
B) ​natural
C) ​pragmatic
D) ​elaborated

Question 22

Which of the following is the smallest unit of language that has meaning?​

A) Morpheme
B) ​Syntax
C) ​Phoneme
D) ​Single word

Question 23

Upon learning basic language rules (grammar), preschool children have a tendency to​

A) ​avoid speaking.
B) ​assimilate.
C) ​overgeneralize.
D) ​accommodate.

Question 24

Numeracy involves​

A) ​being able to read numbers, written out in words.
B) ​the ability to do mathematical operations.
C) ​being able to read word problems.
D) ​the ability to count money.

Question 25

__________ involves the use of language within social context.​

A) Semantics​
B) ​Syntax
C) ​Social communication
D) ​Pragmatics

Question 26

Explain Piaget's preoperational stage and the capabilities of children in this stage.

Question 27

Discuss how poverty hinders the physical development of preschool children. What steps can families, schools, and communities take to reduce poverty's impact on physical development?

Question 28

Discuss the importance of physical activity for children in early childhood, and give some ideas and examples of how parents and schools can help to increase physical activity for this age group.

Question 29

According to all available research, the best child care situation for families is​

A) ​community church centers.
B) ​private, for-profit centers.
C) ​relying on members of extended family.
D) ​complex. There are too many variables to suggest a "best" child care situation.

Question 30

Which is not an example of gross motor skills?​

A) Hopping​
B) ​Skipping
C) ​Throwing
D) ​Recognizing patterns

Question 31

Brain lateralization refers to the fact that​

A) the brain has two halves.​
B) ​each person's brain operates in a unique way.
C) ​the two halves of the brain house different functions.
D) ​a child's brain has characteristics of his or her father and mother.

Question 32

You've been given the opportunity to design a child care center. What principles would you use to decide how to proceed? What research and/or theoretical models would you use to structure your center? To what types of families would your center most likely appeal? Explain.

Question 33

A good foundation in basic literacy skills is vital for a child's academic success in elementary school and beyond. How can preschools and parents encourage the development of emergent literacy?​

Question 34

__________ is a speech component and is the smallest unit of English.​

A) ​Syntax
B) ​Phoneme
C) ​Morpheme
D) ​Syneme

Question 35

What factors do not contribute to high-quality child care?​

A) ​A high student/teacher ratio
B) ​Educational and social opportunities
C) ​Communication between school and family
D) ​Well-trained and educated staff