Deck 2: Board Certified Behavior Analyst

Question 1

What are the three elements of informed consent?

A) No coercion, approval, voluntariness
B) Capacity, age, voluntariness
C) Informed, age, voluntariness
D) Capacity, informed, voluntariness

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Behavior analytic interventions that are effective in changing an individual's behavior in a socially important way are said to have:

A) Parsimony
B) Social validity
C) Primary importance
D) Interobserver reliability

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which measure would probably be the best measure for crying?

A) Frequency
B) Duration
C) Percentage
D) Latency

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In behavior analysis, the __________________ is usually __________________.

A) Independent variable; a measure of behavior
B) Dependent variable; a measure of behavior
C) Baseline measure; unrelated to the behavior
D) Independent variable; implemented before the baseline measure

Question 5

Talking out in class results in a child losing a star on his star chart.  The loss of a star appears to be an attempt to implement a(n) __________________ procedure.

A) Response cost
B) Negative reinforcement
C) Aversion therapy
D) Errorless learning

Question 6

Teaching a child to match printed words to pictures, then pictures to the actual objects, and then testing to determine if the child can now match printed words to the actual objects is known as:

A) PECS
B) Discrete trial training
C) Verbal behavior training
D) Stimulus equivalence

Question 7

A behavior analyst is measuring the time it takes for a client to say, "You're welcome" after the staff says, "Thank you."  The behavior analyst is measuring __________________.

A) Frequency
B) Duration
C) Inter-response time
D) Latency

Question 8

The purpose of conducting a functional assessment is to:

A) Complete a functional analysis
B) Manipulate variables that affect behavior
C) Obtain information from which to create a hypothesis statement
D) Determine how effective a treatment intervention is

Question 9

What if you teach the child to swim in a pool and the child goes to the beach and can do the front crawl in the ocean?

A) Stimulus generalization
B) Response generalization
C) Failure to generalize
D) Natural contingencies

Question 10

Describing behavior program procedures in terms of the basic principles of behavior is adhering to which dimension of behavior analysis?

A) Conceptually systematic
B) Applied
C) Technological
D) Analytic

Question 11

Jody had an access-maintained tantrum for 14 minutes and it started 3 seconds after she was told, "No."  It had been 2 days since the previous tantrum.  The latency is:

A) Unknown
B) 2 days
C) 14 minutes
D) 3 seconds

Question 12

In reference to maintenance, functional arrangements between behavior and antecedent and consequence events that occur in the environment in which the behavior of interest is to be maintained are called:

A) Stimulus discriminates
B) Natural contingencies
C) Generalization
D) Maintenance schedules

Question 13

A __________________ is derived from a descriptive analysis.

A) Hypothesis
B) Statement of causation
C) Data-driven conclusion
D) Hypotenuse

Question 14

If a behavior analyst states, "It took four attempts, but Johnny completed the puzzle," she is using which measure?

A) Whole interval
B) Percent of occurrence
C) Trials to criterion
D) Frequency

Question 15

An experimenter examines the level of noise in a school bus full of children under the following conditions: baseline, rock music, baseline, classical music.  In this experiment, the dependent variable is:

A) Time
B) The number of children on the bus
C) The level of noise
D) The type of music

Question 16

The number of time intervals in a specific period of time during which a response occurs continuously for an entire interval is which measure?

A) Partial-interval recording
B) Whole-interval recording
C) Momentary time sampling
D) Percentage of occurrence

Question 17

Providing a complete description of one's procedures in a behavior analytic study of classroom management techniques is adhering to which dimensions of behavior analysis?

A) Conceptually systematic
B) Applied
C) Technological
D) Analytic

Question 18

Requiring a student who disrupts the class by throwing papers and tipping over chairs to clean the mess up and then clean the rest of the room by sweeping and cleaning desktops is a(n) __________________ procedure.

A) Negative reinforcement
B) Negative punishment
C) Positive punishment
D) Extinction

Question 19

Which is the best definition of a behavior function?

A) What the teacher believes the reinforcer should be for the child
B) How the behavior controls antecedents
C) How the child feels concerning his or her own behavior
D) The reinforcers that maintain a behavior

Question 20

An experimenter examines the effects of three types of prompts on compliance in a developmentally disabled person.  In this experiment, what is the independent variable?

A) The location of the environment
B) The three types of prompts
C) The level of compliance
D) The diagnosis of the individual

Question 21

Tokens are generally referred to as:

A) Conditioned reinforcers
B) Generalized conditioned reinforcers
C) Negative reinforcers
D) SDs

Question 22

Which is the BEST example of stimulus generalization?

A) Bonnie learned to choose and wear coordinated outfits but after one month she would only select red outfits.
B) Jim was taught to say "hello" and continues to say "hello" to his trainer.
C) Ricky became more productive in math and simultaneously his reading improved.
D) Tim learned to ask for help from his teacher and now can ask a fellow student for help.

Question 23

Which schedule of reinforcement is most effective at maintaining behaviors?

A) Continuous reinforcement
B) Intermittent reinforcement
C) Extinction
D) Ratio

Question 24

Staff alerts you that one of their clients seems to become aggressive when he has not consumed food for several hours. This phenomenon demonstrates the effect of a(n):

A) Discriminative stimulus
B) Conditioned stimulus
C) Establishing operation
D) Negative reinforcer

Question 25

Data were collected on the percentage of intervals at the end of which Thomas was present at his workstation. Which is the BEST method for displaying these data?

A) cumulative record
B) equal-interval line graph
C) scatterplot
D) standard behavior (semilogarithmic) chart

Question 26

Alternative appropriate behaviors that serve the same function for an individual:

A) Always involve skills the individual already possesses
B) Produces the same reinforcer for the individual
C) Have the same topography as the problem behavior
D) Always requires the same amount of response effort as the problem behavior

Question 27

Select the best staff training package:

A) Staff are given a book on behavior analysis and asked to read it; comprehension tests are given after each chapter
B) Staff are given explanation of the procedures, then a weekly feedback system is implemented to sharpen their skills
C) Explanations of each procedure are given to the staff, then the supervisor demonstrates the procedures; staff are given opportunities to practice the skills with feedback from supervisors
D) The supervisor conducts role playing sessions with the staff with weekly feedback provided for performance

Question 28

In order to promote generalization in intensive teaching, the behavior analyst should.

A) teach loosely.
B) use the same SD.
C) use few exemplars.
D) teach in the same environment.

Question 29

In this graph, what is plotted on number 1?

A) dependent variable
B) independent variable
C) session
D) setting

Question 30

Jack, a behavior analyst, is consulting about a student who engages in face slapping. A recent functional analysis clearly determined that the behavior is maintained by automatic reinforcement. In the past, reinforcement procedures alone were found to be ineffective. The current intervention consists of a punishment procedure. pulling the student's hands away from his face contingent on any attempts to slap and saying, "No!" Jack should.

A) move ahead and collect data on the plan and revise as indicated regularly.
B) refer to another behavior analyst who works with punishment only cases.
C) re-do the assessment, add a reinforcement procedure, and plan to eliminate all punishment procedures.
D) add a reinforcement procedure that focuses on replacement and/or incompatible behaviors and move forward with the plan.

Question 31

A child who learns to say "red" when presented with a red card, also says "red" when presented with an orange card.  This is called:

A) Stimulus generalization
B) Response generalization
C) Discrimination
D) Failure to generalize

Question 32

Adherence to "procedural integrity" promotes generalization by facilitating.

A) normalization.
B) ethical treatment of consumers.
C) consistency of instruction.
D) spontaneous changes in intervention procedures.

Question 33

The decision to develop and implement a behavior intervention plan is not made unless:

A) the behavior has the potential to cause harm.
B) data show the need for behavior change exists.
C) the interdisciplinary team has determined that it is necessary.
D) staff who will implement the procedures have demonstrated proficiency.

Question 34

You are teaching David to clean the workshop to prepare him for working on the cleaning crew.  Read the descriptions below and identify which is LEAST likely to promote generalization of the workshop cleaning skills to real-life cleaning jobs.

A) Make the workshop as much like a real cleaning situation as possible
B) Transition to variable, delayed reinforcement
C) Teach David to use a checklist, which could be used on the cleaning crew
D) Make the workshop distinctive from the cleaning crew and then gradually make it more like it

Question 35

All of the following are appropriate methods for promoting maintenance and generalization of newly trained behaviors EXCEPT:

A) gradually adding stimuli from the natural environment into the training setting.
B) gradually altering the training antecedents to match naturally occurring ones.
C) training others to reinforce the behavior in the natural setting.
D) varying cues in the natural environment to match those in the training setting.

Question 36

Self-management is best defined as the:

A) Personal application of behavior change tactics that produces a desired change in behavior
B) Personal application of behavior change tactics that produces an increase in a desired behavior
C) Personal application of behavior change tactics that produces an decrease in a desired behavior
D) Application of behavior change tactics that causes changes to a particular behavior

Question 37

A married couple wants a behavior analyst to assist them in creating a happier home life for their family. The behavior analyst should.

A) provide counseling to the couple related to the problems that they identify as most important.
B) refer the family to another professional, since this type of issue is not amenable to applied behavior analysis.
C) set up contracts between the parents and children that require the parents to reinforce appropriate behavior using things that the children identify as important to them.
D) explain how behavior analysis could be used to assist the family so that they can make an informed decision about proceeding.

Question 38

A child is exhibiting tantrum behaviors.  You believe the tantrum is occurring for your attention.  You therefore ignore the tantrum until it ceases while continuing daily activities.  You note that the tantrums decrease over time.  This is an example of:

A) Positive punishment
B) Establishing operations
C) Time-out
D) Extinction

Question 39

A teacher says: "Everyone, you have math homework tonight. Tomorrow, I will draw a name from a hat. If that person has completed his or her homework and remembered to bring it back to school, everyone will get extra recess."  What type of group contingency is this?

A) This is not a group contingency
B) Independent group contingency
C) Interdependent group contingency
D) Dependent group contingency

Question 40

Placing a request that a child is least likely to perform at the end of a series of requests that the child is most likely to perform is a phenomenon known as:

A) The Premack principle
B) High-probability request sequence
C) Errorless learning
D) Mediated transfer

Question 41

Manipulating a students chair in a classroom setting to avoid distraction fro the window is an example of a manipulation of a

A) Context variable
B) Antecedent variable
C) Confounding variable
D) Ecological variable

Question 42

You are designing a treatment program for Susan.  Before getting into details, you wish to identify some ultimate outcomes towards which Susan will progress.  Which of the following is NOT an appropriate ultimate outcome for Susan?

A) The variety and diversity of events in Susan's life
B) Susan's access to reinforcers in the community
C) The range of interpersonal interactions with others
D) The convenience of staff with whom Susan works

Question 43

Sammy is having a difficult time completing his independent math worksheet on two-digit division. He is frustrated and doesn't understand how to solve the equations. Sammy raises his hand and asks for "help." The teacher assists Sammy. Sammy's asking for "help" is?

A) receptive language.
B) an intraverbal.
C) an autoclitic.
D) a mand.

Question 44

If the person gets back on task when he is touched, this is an example of:  

A) Escape
B) Avoidance
C) Positive reinforcement
D) Stimulus fading

Question 45

You are working with a child on teaching swimming.  You teach the child to do the front crawl.  After a few weeks of teaching, the child is doing both the front crawl and also starts doing the breast stroke.  What has occurred?

A) Stimulus generalization
B) Response generalization
C) Failure to generalize
D) Maintenance

Question 46

Which of the following could NOT function as an unconditioned punisher?

A) a bitter taste
B) social disapproval
C) excessive stimulation
D) physical restraint

Question 47

A good behavior analyst always does what before authoring a behavior intervention?

A) Functional analysis
B) Momentary time sampling
C) Direct observation
D) Implements the least aversive, most effective punisher

Question 48

A teacher uses a group contingency with her students.  She states the following rule: "If everyone gets 100% on their spelling test the week, I will turn cartwheels down the hall for you."  What type of group contingency is this?

A) This is not a group contingency
B) Independent group contingency
C) Interdependent group contingency
D) Dependent group contingency

Question 49

You are working with a client who finds physical touch to be aversive.  When the person is off task, the program calls for you to give a warning by counting to 10; at that point, you gently touch him if he is not back on task.  The touch remains until he returns to task.  Please note that being touched is aversive for this particular individual.  If the person gets back on task during counting, this is an example of:

A) Escape
B) Avoidance
C) Positive reinforcement
D) Stimulus fading

Question 50

Which of the following would not be a type of function of behavior identified during a functional assessment?

A) Attention
B) Escape
C) Frustration
D) Access to tangibles

Question 51

In self-control, where does the ultimate control lie? (Or, why is self-control a misnomer?)

A) With the self
B) The choice of the person
C) In the environment
D) With a contract manager

Question 52

Joe describes himself as being addicted to video games. He is told that if he does not complete his chores, he will lose access to his computer. On Monday, he refuses to complete his chores and he loses access to his computer for 2 days. From Tuesday on, Joe's refusals cease. The change in Joe's behavior is MOST likely to be the result of.

A) an aversive procedure.
B) negative punishment.
C) compliance training.
D) contingency contracting.

Question 53

What best defines a discriminative stimulus?

A) It always elicits a response.
B) It is defined by its effect on behavior.
C) It is established using either operant or respondent procedures.
D) It is any change in the environment.

Question 54

A person is asked to make his bed.  His caregiver checks 30 minutes later and the bed was made.  No one else was present during that time.  The caregiver records that the client made his bed even though he did not observe the behavior directly.  The data collection method used is:

A) Duration recording
B) Whole-interval recording
C) Latency recording
D) Permanent product recording

Question 55

A parent reports that her 2-year-old daughter uses a number of stalling techniques to avoid bedtime once she is told to go to bed. What would be a good progress measure for going to bed when told?

A) frequency
B) inter-response time
C) latency
D) compliance

Question 56

When an observer notes everything the client does or says as well as events before and after the episode of behavior, he or she is using:

A) Duration recording
B) Permanent product recording
C) ABC recording
D) Time sampling

Question 57

Results of a functional assessment reveal that a child engages in hand-biting when she is in a room by herself.  The likely function of behavior is:

A) Attention
B) Access to tangibles
C) Escape/avoidance
D) Automatic reinforcement

Question 58

Non-contingent reinforcement is this type of intervention:

A) Antecedent intervention
B) Consequent intervention
C) Punishment strategy
D) Behavioral momentum intervention

Question 59

To address hitting others, two procedures were compared, differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior and time-out. The outcomes were examined within and across subjects. A withdrawal design was employed. The BEST response measure to use in this study is frequency of:

A) the incompatible behavior.
B) being sent to time-out.
C) hitting others.
D) reinforcer delivery.

Question 60

The specific, or technical, name for the type of procedure used in the above question is:

A) Restitution
B) Stimulus shaping
C) Over-correction
D) Corporal punishment

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a dimension of applied behavior analysis?

A) Effective
B) Technological
C) Applied
D) Empirical

Question 62

When asked why a certain behavior happened, the behavior analyst states that the behavior "came out of nowhere."  If the behavior analyst meant what he said, he is violating the assumption of __________________.

A) Philosophical doubt
B) Determinism
C) Technological
D) Being conceptually systematic

Question 63

Gradually transferring stimulus control from prompts to other discriminative stimuli is a process called __________________.

A) Shaping
B) Modeling
C) Maintenance
D) Fading

Question 64

A behavior analyst is adhering to which underlying assumption of behavior analysis when she conducts several tests of her treatment before she writes it in a formal behavior program?

A) Determinism
B) Law of parsimony
C) Empiricism
D) None of the above

Question 65

Intraverbal behavior is controlled by a:

A) verbal stimulus; the behavior does not match that stimulus; and the reinforcer is non-specific.
B) verbal stimulus; the behavior matches that stimulus; and the reinforcer is specific.
C) verbal stimulus; the behavior matches that stimulus; and the reinforcer is non-specific.
D) verbal stimulus; the behavior does not match that stimulus; and the reinforcer is specific.