Deck : 4 Body Organization and Homeostasis

Question 1

What causes goose bumps?

Answer 1

Goose bumps occur as a reaction to cold or fear. The arrector pili muscle, which is attached to the hair follicle, contracts making the hair stand up. The contracted muscle pushes the flesh up around the hair follicle, giving rise to what appears to be a bump on the skin.

Question 2

What are oil glands?

Answer 2

Oil glands are located on all parts of the human body except the soles of the feet and the palms of the hands. An oil gland is made of specialized epithelial tissue, and it secretes sebum, which is composed of fats, cholesterol, proteins, and salts. The sebum acts as a lubricant of hair and skin, and it has antibacterial properties. When an oil gland becomes blocked, the sebum cannot be released; the resulting build-up of sebum impedes the functioning of the gland. Bacteria then invade the area, resulting in a whitehead, a blackhead, or acne.

Question 3

Describe the functions of the sweat glands. p. 82

Answer 3

Sweat glands play a critical role in homeostasis. They produce sweat, which helps the body to cool down when it is overheated due to exertion or fever. Sweat is primarily composed of water, with a few other dissolved substances. When the body is overheated, the sweat glands act as effectors, and the sweat they produce condenses on the skin, thus helping to cool down the body.

Question 4

What is homeostasis?

Question 5

Describe the body's homeostatic mechanisms for raising and lowering core body temperature.

Question 6

Thor, a ski champion at his college, tore the cartilage in his knee in a ski accident. He asked the doctor if he would be ready to compete in a month. Why would you expect the doctor's answer to be "No"?

Question 7

The four basic tissue types in the body are
a. simple, cuboidal, squamous, columnar.
b. neural, epithelial, muscle, connective.
c. blood, nerves, bone, cartilage.
d. fat, cartilage, muscle, neural.

Question 8

What are the four types of tissue found in the human body? p. 68

Question 9

The lining of the intestine is composed primarily of
a. epithelial cells.
b. muscle cells.
c. connective tissue cells.
d. nerve cells.

Question 10

Hannah has the flu. As her fever rises, she gets the chills. She shivers and covers herself in extra blankets. She takes some acetaminophen and her fever breaks. As her body tempera- ture returns to normal, she throws off the blankets, looks flushed, and perspires. Use the mechanisms of body tempera- ture control to explain what is happening as Hannah's fever rises and falls.

Question 11

Cells that form disks that cushion the vertebrae are
a. bone.
b. muscle.
c. epithelium.
d. cartilage.

Question 12

Contrast the organization of epithelial and connective tissues. How are differences in the matrix of different types of connec- tive tissue related to their functions?

Question 13

The mineral that makes bone hard is

Question 14

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of disorders caused by defects in genes that disrupt the production of collagen, which is a chief component of connective tissue. Explain why symp- toms of EDS include joints that extend beyond their normal range and stretchy, saggy skin.

Question 15

The maintenance of body processes within a relatively con- stant range is called

Question 16

Why does bone heal more rapidly than cartilage?

Question 17

What type of tissue is blood?

Question 18

Contrast skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle with respect to structure and function.

Question 19

What types of cells are found in nervous tissue? What are their functions?

Question 20

List the functions of the integumentary system. p

Question 21

Describe the roles of pigments and blood flow in determining skin color.