Deck 7: Depressive Disorders, Bipolar Disorders, and Related Problems

Question 1

In the mid-1940's, infants who had lost their primary caregiver and who showed signs of whining, withdrawal, and impaired social interactions were referred to as experiencing:

A) Failure to thrive
B) Anaclitic depression
C) Mood disorders with prolonged bereavement/grief reaction
D) Infantile depression

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The primary system that is used to diagnose psychiatric disorders in infants currently is the:

A) Infant and Toddler Psychiatric Diagnoses Manual
B) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5)
C) Diagnostic Classification: 0-3
D) There is no such system-It is not recommended that psychiatric diagnoses be given to anyone under the age of 5

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Francis is 8 years old and she acts out a lot-she whines, argues, fights, and has frequent temper tantrums.In reality, though, she may really be depressed.In the late 1960's and early 1970's, she might have been thought to have been experiencing:

A) Masked depression
B) Anaclitic depression
C) Cyclothymic depression
D) Mood disorder with mixed features

Answer 3

A

Question 4

According to DSM-5, which of the following features must be present for a diagnosis of major depression?

A) Eating disturbance or sleep disturbance
B) Lack of pleasure or diminished interest in activities that used to be enjoyable
C) Depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure
D) All of the above must be present for a diagnosis of major depression

Question 5

In the old DSM-IV system of multiaxial assessment, major depressive disorder would have been diagnosed on which axis?

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV

Question 6

The diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder in DSM-5:

A) Are found in the section "Neurodevelopmental disorders
B) Are listed in the mood disorders, and there are no differences in how depression would be diagnosed in children versus adults (i.e., all of the symptoms are the same)
C) Are listed in the mood disorders section, and there are some differences in how depression would be diagnosed in children versus adults (e.g., some symptoms can be slightly different for children versus adults)
D) Are listed in the adult section, but provide two separate diagnostic criteria that are to be used for children versus adults

Question 7

Prevalence rates of depression in childhood and adolescence:

A) Are approximately 2-5%
B) Are higher for girls than for boys throughout childhood
C) Are higher for children than adolescents
D) Both a and b are correct

Question 8

With regard to gender and depression:

A) Females show higher levels of depression than males throughout the lifespan
B) Males show higher levels of depression than females throughout the lifespan
C) Before puberty, there are no gender differences in depression, but after puberty, girls show higher rates of depression than boys
D) Before puberty, girls show higher rates of depression, but after puberty, both girls and boys show equally high rates of depression

Question 9

The highest rates of comorbidity with depression are with:

A) Conduct disorders
B) Anxiety disorders
C) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders
D) Adjustment Disorders

Question 10

Which of the following patterns has been found in the developmental progression of depression?

A) Depressed infants are more likely to show disturbed sleep patterns than are depressed adolescents
B) Depressed preschoolers are more apt to show irritability and somatic complaints than are depressed adolescents
C) Younger children are more likely than older children to show low self-esteem along with depression
D) All of the above patterns are accurate

Question 11

Research on the etiology of childhood depression suggests that:

A) There are no clear-cut patterns, but there is support for genetic, familial, and cognitive-behavioral factors playing a role in childhood depression
B) There is clear evidence that biological factors explain the large majority of cases of childhood depression
C) Double-bind parenting is associated with the large majority of cases of childhood depression
D) Studies of etiology have lead to wide-spread questions about diagnostic criteria for childhood depression

Question 12

The cognitive theory that has received the most support in explaining depression is the:

A) Cognitive familial distortion theory
B) Interpersonal theory of depression
C) Circumplex model of cognitive behavioral development of depression
D) Rumination theory of depression

Question 13

Which of the following factors have been associated with depression in childhood:

A) Family experiences and life stressors
B) Interpersonal competence and cognitive representations of self and others
C) Biological and genetic features
D) All of the above

Question 14

The majority of effective treatments for depression in childhood and adolescence are:

A) Cognitive or Cognitive-behavioral
B) Family systems oriented
C) Behavioral or Systemic
D) Psychodynamic

Question 15

The Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS) found that:

A) The combination of medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy was better than any other treatment
B) Medication alone was more effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy alone
C) Placebo sugar pills were as effective as medication
D) a and b are correct

Question 16

Regarding the use of medication for depression in adolescents, which of the following is true:

A) Antidepressant medication can no longer be prescribed for adolescents because of the risk for suicide
B) Antidepressant medication can no longer be prescribed for adolescents because of the "black box" warning imposed by the FDA
C) Antidepressant medication has been associated with increased risk for suicide in adolescents
D) All of the above are correct

Question 17

With regard to prevention programs for childhood depression:

A) Most programs can be described as primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention programs have been used with children of depressed parents
C) Tertiary programs tend to use social problem-solving and cognitive interventions
D) Both b and c are correct

Question 18

Suicide is the___________cause of death between the ages of 10 and 19 years old.

A) First/primary
B) Third leading
C) Fifth leading
D) Seventh leading

Question 19

The dimensional system that conceptualizes suicide in gradations from nonsuicidal to suicidal ideation to suicidal threat to mild attempt to serious attempt is known as the:

A) Rogers Dimensional System of Suicidal Behavior
B) Beck Series of Suicidal Characteristics
C) Pfeffer Spectrum of Suicidal Behavior
D) Wagner-Rescorla Model

Question 20

Thoughts about killing oneself are known as:

A) Suicidal ideation
B) Suicidal behavior
C) Cognitive distortions
D) Suicidal tripartite model

Question 21

During childhood and adolescence,___________ are more likely to attempt suicide and___________are more likely to complete suicide.

A) Males; females
B) Females; males
C) Males; males
D) Females; females

Question 22

The majority of completed suicides in the United States are completed through which method?

A) Pills
B) Hanging
C) Guns
D) Car wrecks

Question 23

School-based programs for suicide prevention:

A) Are extremely effective in reducing the incidence of suicide
B) Are not allowed to be completed, primarily because school officials are concerned that the program will give students ideas on how to commit suicide
C) Have resulted in mixed findings-with some programs found to be effective and others found to be harmful
D) Have consistently been found to be harmful and seem to put adolescents at increased risk for suicide

Question 24

In contrast to major depression, persistent depressive disorder:

A) Is more intense but for shorter periods of time
B) Is more intense and more long term
C) Is less intense, but more long term
D) Is less intense but for shorter periods of time

Question 25

In previous editions of the DSM, persistent depressive disorder was formerly known as:

A) Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
B) Cyclothymic disorder
C) Dysthymia
D) Bipolar disorder

Question 26

Dialectical behavior therapy:

A) Was developed by Dr. Marsha Linehan, who had serious psychological Problems herself when she was a young adult
B) Uses mindfulness training in addition to behavioral techniques
C) If effective in helping suicidal adolescents and adults
D) All of the above

Question 27

Major depression is to___________just as persistent depressive disorder is to___________.

A) Cyclothymia; bipolar disorder
B) Bipolar disorder; cyclothymia
C) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Oppositional defiant disorder
D) Anxiety disorders; psychotic disorders

Question 28

The etiology of bipolar disorder is relatively well-established as:

A) Cognitively related
B) Environmentally related
C) Familial related
D) Genetically related

Question 29

Which disorder was discussed as having been present in a high number of creative individuals?

A) Bipolar disorder
B) Cyclothymia
C) Major depression
D) Persistent depressive disorder

Question 30

Considering that depression can be reflected in depressed mood, depressive syndrome, or clinical depression is consistent with which way of conceptualizing emotional/behavioral problems?

A) Categorical
B) Dimensional
C) Standard
D) Depressive

Question 31

In studies exploring the depressive syndrome that use empirically validated assessment measures (such as the Child Behavior Checklist):

A) Depressive mood can be found, but neither anxiety nor depression can be found in any type of syndrome
B) A depressive syndrome is found, and it appears even more severe than major depression
C) Depression is highly related to anxiety, but a syndrome of solely depression does not account for the data
D) Depressive syndromes are easily identified

Question 32

Within a sample of children of depressed parents, Dr.Connie Hammen found that:

A) More protective factors were associated with better outcomes
B) More protective factors were not associated with improved functioning
C) More risk factors were associated with better outcomes
D) Few children showed any problems-regardless of protective factor status

Question 33

Which of the following disorders is noted in DSM-5 as in need of further study?

A) Nonsuicidal injury
B) Dysthymia
C) Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
D) All of the above
D) All of the above

Question 34

Provide a detailed discussion of how major depression is diagnosed according to DSM-5.

Question 35

Discuss the patterns of prevalence of depression regarding overall prevalence, gender, age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.

Question 36

How are depressive symptoms similar and different across the lifespan.

Question 37

Describe and discuss three different etiologies of depression.

Question 38

What do we know about comorbidity and depression? What is comorbidity associated with for depressed children and adolescents?

Question 39

Discuss what is known about effective treatments for depression in childhood and adolescence.

Question 40

Discuss the pros and cons of considering depression from a categorical versus dimensional perspective.

Question 41

What characteristics are associated with completed suicides?

Question 42

How is suicide associated with depression? What are the specific factors that seem to put adolescents at risk for attempting and then completing suicide?

Question 43

What is known about bipolar disorder in childhood and adolescence? Define the disorder and describe how it occurs in children and adolescents.