Deck 12: Cardiovascular Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following is true of the cardiac cycle?

A) The ventricles are nearly emptied during the systole.
B) S1 and S2 are related to diastole; S3 and S4 are related to systole.
C) Atrial contraction occurs late in the systole.
D) During the diastole, the atria fill with blood.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following layers of cardiac muscle is the thin, outermost protective layer of the heart?

A) Bronchocardium
B) Endocardium
C) Myocardium
D) Epicardium

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following waveforms on an ECG represents the wave of depolarization?

A) P
B) PR
C) QRS complex
D) ST segment

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The patient complains of chest pain that comes on when he vacuums the house or mows the lawn. It comes in a fairly consistent pattern, usually lasting about 1 minute. When he feels it, he drinks a glass of water, sits quietly on the couch, and it typically goes away. What is the most likely type of problem?

A) Anginal
B) Musculoskeletal
C) Pleural
D) Gastrointestinal

Question 5

Calf tenderness and warmth, swelling and ankle edema, and an otherwise unexplained fever are symptoms of what?

A) Congestive heart failure
B) Deep vein thrombosis
C) Arteriosclerosis
D) Obstructed cardiac valves

Question 6

Which of the following examples of JVP activity is related to the tricuspid opening normally?

A) The Y descent
B) Prominent V wave
C) Large A wave
D) C wave

Question 7

Edema is caused by poor function of which part of the heart?

A) Right ventricle
B) Left ventricle
C) Right atrium
D) Left atrium

Question 8

Which of the following is true about palpation of the cardiovascular system?

A) The PMI should be palpated within a 2-centimeter radius.
B) Both carotid arteries should be palpated gently and simultaneously to determine a balance of flow.
C) Palpating a thrill around the aorta may indicate left ventricular hypertrophy.
D) It is important to note pitting edema of the extremities, as this may indicate heart failure.

Question 9

How is the patient positioned when palpating the precordium and the carotid pulse?

A) Supine
B) Standing
C) Sitting up
D) Resting on right side

Question 10

Who would be a likely candidate for receiving an ultrasound of the abdomen as part of a cardiovascular exam?

A) A 66-year-old man with suspected AAA
B) A pregnant woman in her second or third trimester
C) An 8-year-old girl who complains of not being able to catch her breath
D) All 18- to 45-year-old males on well-patient checkups

Question 11

Which of the following traditional auscultatory areas is in the mitral area (PMI)?

A) Second right intercostal
B) First right intercostal
C) Third left intercostal
D) Fifth left intercostal

Question 12

Which of the following is an invasive diagnostic test?

A) EKG
B) Ultrasound of abdomen
C) Hematologic study
D) Chest X-ray

Question 13

Arteries are less flexible than veins.

Question 14

LSD and ecstasy are the most important recreational drugs to ask a patient about in terms of cardiac health.

Question 15

Arcus senilis in the eye is never a normal finding in a patient.

Question 16

When percussing the borders of the heart, an unexpected change from resonance to dullness is usually indicative of pathology.

Question 17

S3 is the sound that results from the passive flow of blood from the atria.

Question 18

For the neonatal patient, count the apical pulse for at least 30 seconds.

Question 19

What visible markers on a patient's legs suggest peripheral vascular disease, especially in conjunction with leg pain?

Question 20

What are the four heart sounds, and what do they relate to?