Deck 3: Germany and the Birth of a New

Question 1

A 19th-century philosophy of education that changed the nature of universities in Germany, ushering in a new freedom of teaching and research, was called

A)Wissenschaft
B)Grundzüge
C)Gesellschaft
D)Weltanschauung

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The birth year of the science of psychology corresponds to the publication of the first research from Wilhelm Wundt's psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig.What year was that?

A)1855
B)1879
C)1885
D)1904

Answer 2

B

Question 3

For Wundt, the distinction between the natural sciences and psychology, was that the former investigated ___________________, whereas the latter investigated ___________________.

A)mediate experience; immediate experience
B)direct experience; indirect experience
C)structure; function
D)sensation; perception

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Recognizing the willful and active nature of the mind, Wundt referred to his system of experimental psychology as

A)structuralism
B)Völkerpsychologie
C)voluntarism
D)mental chronometry

Question 5

According to Wundt, the process that brings some part of conscious experience into maximal clarity is

A)apprehension
B)self-observation
C)voluntarism
D)apperception

Question 6

Wundt studied consciousness using a method that is greatly similar to the experimental method used in modern psychology. What was this method called?

A)apperception
B)method of limits
C)experimental self-observation
D)apprehension

Question 7

Wundt studied the speed of mental events using a procedure known as

A)apperception
B)experimental self-observation
C)reaction time method
D)method of limits

Question 8

Three separate continua -- pleasant-unpleasant, tension-relaxation, excitement-
Depression -- were used by Wundt to describe

A)emotions
B)memories
C)consciousness
D)abnormal behavior

Question 9

Wundt's 10-volume work, entitled Völkerpsychologie, covered a vast number of topics including

A)sensation, perception, memory
B)learning, cognition, emotion
C)thinking, reasoning, problem solving
D)culture, language, art

Question 10

Wundt's first American doctoral student in psychology was

A)William James
B)James McKeen Cattell
C)Edward Bradford Titchener
D)Harry Kirke Wolfe

Question 11

The distinction for Ebbinghaus' studies of memory is that he

A)studied the actual formation of associations
B)studied associations that were already formed
C)differentiated sensory and verbal associations
D)showed that most words had multiple associations

Question 12

To minimize meaningfulness in his stimuli and the problem of prior associations, Ebbinghaus invented

A)a replication procedure
B)the word association test
C)nonsense syllables
D)delayed stimulus presentations

Question 13

Ebbinghaus' studies were methodologically rigorous because of his

A)attention to the constancy of conditions in his experiments
B)use of large numbers of individuals who served as subjects in his studies
C)randomization of subjects to various memory conditions
D)sophisticated use of statistical techniques such as analysis of variance

Question 14

In studying the curve of forgetting, Ebbinghaus found that most forgetting occurs

A)at a steady rate for the first 24 hours, then declines sharply
B)in the first few hours after learning
C)a week or more after the learning takes place
D)more than a month after the initial learning trials

Question 15

Franz Brentano's molar psychology is known by the name

A)Gestalt psychology
B)systematic psychology
C)act psychology
D)voluntary psychology

Question 16

Carl Stumpf's research contributed to the psychology of

A)learning
B)education
C)perception
D)music

Question 17

Stumpf and his student Oskar Pfungst discovered that Clever Hans, "the counting horse," was able to perform so many arithmetic calculations because

A)his owner gave him subtle cues to indicate the correct answer
B)persons in the crowd watching his performances had been paid to cooperate
C)the sequence of correct numbers was always the same in each performance
D)the horse actually possessed some extrasensory abilities

Question 18

Georg Müller's work on memory pioneered studies of forgetting including an understanding of the role of

A)disuse
B)relearning
C)decay
D)interference

Question 19

Oswald Külpe's method of introspection

A)divided the experience into meaningful components
B)did not involve retrospection
C)demonstrated that images always accompanied thinking
D)avoided replication as a means to minimize fatigue

Question 20

Imagine that you were a graduate student in Wilhelm Wundt's psychology laboratory in Leipzig in the late 1800s. Write a letter home to your parents describing what you were studying and the research methods you were using.

Question 21

Describe how you would use the simple and choice reaction time methods to measure the speed of thinking, for example to decide whether a light is green or red.

Question 22

Ebbinghaus' memory studies are described as "perhaps the single most brilliant investigation in the history of experimental psychology." Defend that statement citing specifics of his research methods and findings.

Question 23

Compare and contrast the memory studies of Ebbinghaus and Georg Müller.

Question 24

Compare Oswald Külpe's method of systematic experimental introspection with Wundt's experimental self-observation. Compare these techniques to the modern experimental method in which an experimenter manipulates an independent variable and measures its impact (if any) on a dependent variable. Was Wundt's or Külpe's method closer to modern experimentation? Explain your answer.