Deck 8: Conduct Problems

Question 1

Typical conduct problems in early childhood include noncompliance, temper tantrums, and oppositional behavior.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Antisocial personality disorder is diagnosed at 15 when a long history of conduct disordered behavior is present.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

"Normal" nonclinic children do not exhibit oppositional and noncompliant behavior.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is described as a pattern of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behavior that is developmentally extreme.

Question 5

Youth diagnosed with conduct disorder tend to be similar in terms of the symptoms they have.

Question 6

Research indicates that there is a higher degree of heritability for aggressive rather than rule breaking behavior.

Question 7

Paul is 15 years old and engages in the following behaviors: drinks alcohol, lies, has friends who act out, swears, often skips school, and runs away. These behaviors are indicative of aggressive behavior noted by Achenbach and Rescorla (2001).

Question 8

Within the empirically derived broad externalizing/conduct disorder syndrome, two narrower syndromes, which might be designated as "aggressive behavior" and "rule-breaking behavior," have been suggested.

Question 9

The salient symptom approach to classify conduct disorder is based on the primary problem being displayed.

Question 10

Relational aggression is found more often in males than females.

Question 11

Violence is typically defined as an extreme form of physical aggression.

Question 12

Firesetting represents a behavior that would be described as a covert antisocial behavior.

Question 13

The frequency of bullying increases with age.

Question 14

Research indicates that there is a relationship between bullying behavior and later criminal behavior.

Question 15

Sugden et al., (2010) found that children with a variant on the serotonin transporter gene may have a greater risk of emotional disturbance after a bullying experience.

Question 16

Recent research by Roberts and colleagues (2006) found no ethnic differences in the rates of behavioral disorders and ADHD.

Question 17

Research has found no meaningful impact of poverty on conduct problems.

Question 18

Conduct problems are one of the most frequent reasons for referral to child and adolescent treatment service.

Question 19

A youngster who receives a DSM-IV diagnosis of conduct disorder may also get a DSM-IV diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder.

Question 20

Among children diagnosed with ADHD, between 30 and 50% develop conduct disorder.

Question 21

Research indicates that youth with conduct problems demonstrate deficits in language, information processing and problem solving.

Question 22

Early conduct-disordered behavior is predictive of later antisocial behavior, but not other social-emotional difficulties later in life.

Question 23

Callous and unemotional traits put a child at risk for long-term conduct problems.

Question 24

Many studies have found that there is no relationship between age onset of conduct problems and more serious persistent antisocial behavior.

Question 25

Childhood onset is to life-course-persistent as adolescent onset is to adolescent-limited.

Question 26

According to Loeber and Farrington (2000), rejection by peers is a risk factor for child aggression and later serious, violent juvenile offending.

Question 27

Typically, aggressive children do not have family histories of aggression or aggressive parents.

Question 28

Research by Costello and colleagues (2003) on American Indian youth found that moving out of poverty had no impact on oppositional or conduct problems.

Question 29

There is a negative correlation between parental monitoring and antisocial behavior.

Question 30

Parents who themselves have antisocial difficulties may do better than most in avoiding such behavior in their own children.

Question 31

Many researchers believe that the degree of conflict in a divorce is more predictive of child behavioral problems than the divorce itself.

Question 32

Youth who have experienced physical abuse have higher than expected rates of conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder.

Question 33

Gordis and colleagues (2010) found that autonomic nervous system functioning can influence the effects of childhood maltreatment on childhood aggression.

Question 34

Lee (2011) found that the influence of deviant peer affiliation is stronger for youth with a low activity MAOA genotype, but only in regard to covert antisocial behaviors.

Question 35

Examining how youngsters think and feel about social situations is part of understanding conduct disorders (CD).

Question 36

Reactive and proactive aggression are each associated with specific social cognitive deficiencies.

Question 37

Research findings suggest a greater genetic component for adolescent delinquency than for adult criminal behavior.

Question 38

The study by Jaffee et al. (2005) found that pairing a genetic risk with maltreatment increased the probability of a conduct disorder diagnosis by 24 percent.

Question 39

According to the text, there is consensus among theories of conduct disorder etiology that the disorder is related to an over-activated behavioral activation system (BAS).

Question 40

The fightor-flight system is viewed as an emotional regulation system and theorized to have a low threshold in conduct disordered youth.

Question 41

According to the DSM, substance abuse and substance dependence are interchangeable terms.

Question 42

Tolerance is defined as the need to use increased amounts of a substance to achieve the same sensation.

Question 43

According to the Monitoring the Future Study, daily marijuana use has increased in 8^th, 10^th, and 12^th graders.

Question 44

During adolescence, changes in dopaminergic systems in the brain outpace those of the prefrontal cortex, leading to an increased risk for substance abuse.

Question 45

Genetic influences for substance abuse appear to play a bigger role for those teens with heavier, clinical levels of abuse.

Question 46

In the assessment of conduct disorders (CD), a clinician would generally not be very interested in parental behaviors and parenting styles.

Question 47

Kazdin and colleagues found that combining problem solving skills training with parent management training was superior to either approach alone.

Question 48

The Teaching Family Model found that taking the adolescent into a therapeutic group home led to improvements in conduct disordered behavior that were maintained after the teen returned home.

Question 49

MST is based on Bronfenbrenner's ecological model.

Question 50

MTFC programs have not proven to be cost effective.

Question 51

There is a plethora of well-controlled research regarding the favorable use of medication in treating oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD).

Question 52

Within the broad category of externalizing/undercontrolled behavior problems, a distinction is often made between

A) anxiety and depression on the one hand and aggression, oppositional, and more serious conduct problems on the other.
B) inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity on the one hand and aggression, oppositional, and more serious conduct problems on the other.
C) inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity on the one hand and anxiety and depression on the other.
D) inattention and aggression on the one hand and hyperactivity and impulsivity on the other.

Question 53

The term delinquency is primarily employed to refer to

A) a juvenile who has committed an act that would be illegal for adults as well.
B) a juvenile who has committed an act that is illegal only for juveniles.
C) a juvenile who has committed an act that would be illegal for adults as well or an act that is illegal only for juveniles.
D) a psychological condition - it refers only to a juvenile who has committed an illegal act because of emotional problems.

Question 54

Henry (the case study reported in the text about the 3.5 year old with oppositional behavior) seemed inconsistent in his non-compliant behavior. According to the case study, what was the likely source of is problem?

A)A genetic history of oppositional behavior
B)Abuse
C)Inconsistent parenting
D)Learning problems

Question 55

An 11-year-old youngster has, for about a period of one year, frequently exhibited the following behaviors: loses temper, refuses to follow requests or rules, deliberately annoys others, and easily annoyed. He would likely receive a DSM-IV diagnosis of

A) attention-deficit disorder.
B) oppositional-defiant disorder.
C) overt conduct disorder.
D) early-onset conduct disorder.

Question 56

Which of the following statements regarding the DSM-IV diagnosis of Conduct Disorders is accurate?

A) Conduct disorders and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder are in separate larger categories.
B) The essential feature of the diagnosis is a persistent pattern of behavior that violates the basic rights of others and major age-appropriate societal norms.
C) Conduct disorders are part of a larger DSM-IV category called "Externalizing Behavior Disorders."
D) Conduct disorders and oppositional-defiant disorder are in different, larger categories.

Question 57

The DSM-IV approach to subtypes of conduct disorders has

A) four subtypes defined by the presence or absence of aggression combined with a socialized/unsocialized distinction.
B) three subtypes: aggressive, nonaggressive, and substance abuse.
C) three subtypes: aggressive, group-delinquent, and other.
D) two subtypes: childhood-onset and adolescent-onset.

Question 58

Which of the following is a grouping of behaviors included in the criteria for the DSM-IV diagnosis of conduct disorder?

A) Aggression to people and animals
B) Attention problems
C) Mood problems
D) Anxiety

Question 59

Bobby, a 13-year-old boy is seen at a clinic. He displays the following behaviors: deliberate destruction of others' property, lying to obtain favors, staying out at night without permission, and frequent truancy from school. These behaviors have all been present during the past year and are ongoing. His parents report that this pattern began when Bobby was 9 years old. Bobby would likely receive a DSM-IV diagnosis of

A) oppositional-defiant disorder.
B) conduct disorder, childhood-onset.
C) conduct disorder, adolescent-onset.
D) oppositional-conduct disorder.

Question 60

The two narrow-band syndromes suggested to exist within the empirically derived broadband externalizing syndrome of the Achenbach instruments are

A) aggressive behavior and rule-breaking behavior.
B) aggressive behavior and anxious behavior.
C) aggressive behavior and internalizing behavior.
D) anxious behavior and rule-breaking behavior.

Question 61

Distinguishing between antisocial youngsters whose primary problem is aggression and those whose primary problem is stealing is an example of the _______ approach to grouping problems within the broad externalizing/conduct disorder category.

A) Symptom violence
B) Overcontrolled/undercontrolled
C) Salient symptom
D) Early vs. late onset

Question 62

Distinguishing between confrontational antisocial behaviors and concealed antisocial behaviors is a distinction between

A) externalizing and internalizing antisocial behavior.
B) overt and covert antisocial behavior.
C) destructive and nondestructive antisocial behavior.
D) attention deficit and conduct disordered antisocial behavior.

Question 63

Distinguishing between antisocial youngsters whose primary problems are arguing, fighting, and temper tantrums and those whose problems are lying, stealing, and truancy is an example of the _______ distinction in grouping problems within the broad externalizing/conduct disorder category.

A) Overcontrolled vs. undercontrolled
B) Silent syndrome
C) Child vs. adult onset
D) Overt vs. covert

Question 64

The term "relational aggression" refers to

A) physical fighting between siblings.
B) physical fighting between any family members.
C) behaviors intended to damage another individual's feelings or friendships.
D) behaviors intended to hurt another individual's relatives.

Question 65

Which of the following is an example of relational aggression?

A) Purposefully leaving a child out of some activity
B) Spitting on a another child
C) Threatening to beat up another child
D) Shoving a child into a locker

Question 66

Research on relational aggression suggests that

A) boys are more relationally aggressive than girls.
B) relational aggression first emerges during the adolescent years.
C) girls are essentially non-aggressive.
D) relational aggression is associated with feelings of loneliness and depression.

Question 67

Which of the following statements regarding fire setting is accurate?

A) Fire setting is considered an overt destructive behavior.
B) A large percentage of conduct disordered youth engage in fire setting.
C) Youth account for approximately 5% of the arrests for arson.
D) Fire setters are more likely to come from homes with marital violence.

Question 68

Which of the following is true regarding youth and violence?

A) Less than 2 percent of US arrests for murder involve juvenile offenders
B) Youth are rarely victims of violence
C) Exposure to violence increases the risk for aggression.
D) A majority of violence committed by youth occurs during the school day

Question 69

Which of the following statements best describes the consequences of exposure to violence?

A) Youngsters exposed to violence as victims are at risk for developing externalizing disorders.
B) Youngsters witnessing violence are at risk for developing internalizing disorders.
C) Youngsters witnessing violence are at risk for developing externalizing and internalizing disorders
D) Youngsters exposed to violence as either victims or witnesses are at risk for developing externalizing and internalizing disorders

Question 70

Regarding bullying,

A) boys and girls are exposed to comparable rates of direct bullying attacks.
B) boys and girls are exposed to comparable rates of indirect bullying.
C) girls are exposed to higher rates of indirect bullying than boys.
D) girls are exposed to direct bullying at rates equal to their exposure to indirect bullying.

Question 71

Victims of bullying

A) if boys, are not typically physically weaker.
B) often have some good friends in their class.
C) have parents who may be relatively unaware of the problem.
D) are not at higher risk for suicide than their peers.

Question 72

Which of the following statements regarding the prevalence of conduct-disordered behaviors is accurate?

A) Conduct-disordered behavior is not a common reason for referral to mental health clinics.
B) The ratio of conduct disorder diagnosis in boys vs. girls is about 10:1.
C) The lifetime prevalence rate of oppositional defiant disorder in children is approximately 10%.
D) There is no difference in ranges of conduct disorder in urban versus rural settings.

Question 73

Regarding the relationship between oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD), the findings of the Developmental Trends study suggest that

A) the vast majority of boys who meet the criteria for CD also meet the criteria for ODD.
B) the vast majority of boys with ODD progress to CD.
C) only a small minority of boys with ODD meet the criteria for ODD two years later.
D) CD preceded ODD in most cases.

Question 74

_____________ are higher order cognitive abilities that play a role in information processing and problem solving.

A) Covert functions
B) Overt functions
C) Proactive functions
D) Executive functions

Question 75

Regarding the co-occurrence of conduct disorder and depression, it would appear that

A) such co-occurrence is rare among adolescents in the community.
B) such co-occurrence is rare among youngsters seen in clinics.
C) such co-occurrence is more common in girls.
D) a shared genetic liability may account, in part, for the co-occurrence.

Question 76

Kaleb exhibits the following traits: lack of empathy, deceitfulness, arrogance, manipulative, impulsive and irresponsible. These characteristics are most indicative of

A)Oppositional Defiant Disorder
B)Psychopathy
C)Conduct Disorder
D)Depression

Question 77

The adolescent-onset pattern of conduct-disordered behavior

A) is a less common developmental path than the childhood-onset pattern.
B) is less likely to result in arrest than someone the same age with a childhood-onset pattern.
C) is characterized by less aggressive behavior than the childhood-onset pattern.
D) has a larger proportion of males than the childhood-onset pathway.

Question 78

The childhood (early)-onset developmental pathway for conduct-disordered behavior

A) is a less stable pattern than later onset.
B) is a less common pattern than adolescent-onset.
C) is likely to be associated with difficulties such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
D) demonstrates little change in the types of problem behaviors seen over time.

Question 79

Which of the following is characteristic of developmental paths of conduct disorders as described by Loeber and others?

A) Youngsters who complete one stage progress through all succeeding stages.
B) Progression though stages is characterized by the individual displaying an increasing diversification of antisocial behaviors.
C) Earlier behaviors (symptoms) are replaced by new ones so that the number of symptoms is stable.
D) Early onset in a progression is associated with a better prognosis.

Question 80

Which of the following is one of Loeber's developmental pathways for antisocial behavior?

A) Early onset pathway
B) Adolescent onset pathway
C) Comorbid pathway
D) Overt pathway