Deck 5: Cultural Influences and Public Health Nutrition

Question 1

In the United States, a large number of African Americans experience nutrient deficiencies at or near:

A) southern America.
B) urban areas.
C) the winter season.
D) poverty levels.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Cancers are leading health problems for ______ men and women, with breast, colorectal, and lung cancers as the leading causes of death.

A) Caucasian American
B) Asian American
C) Native American
D) African American

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following describes interactions with family, friends, coworkers, and others in the community? It also encompasses social institutions, such as law enforcement, the workplace, places of worship, and schools.

A) Social environment
B) Physical environment
C) Biology
D) Behavior

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A public health dietitian discovered that which ethnic group holds food in high spiritual regard and links physical health, balance, and harmony with food?

A) Hispanic Americans
B) Indian Americans
C) Native Americans
D) Japanese Americans
E) African Americans

Question 5

In nutrition assessment of individuals from a different culture, it is important to collect the basic information about the culture, such as foods most frequently used, and food preparation methods. Information needed to provide adequate nutritional guidance includes all of the following except:

A) types of food available.
B) foods that are accepted and/or preferred.
C) safety of food supply and related health problems.
D) most commonly used foods, who selects them, how and where they are obtained.
E) the number of children in the household.

Question 6

Steve has high blood pressure. If the state of his physical, mental, and social well-being were included, his _________ condition is being described.

A) cultural
B) nutrient
C) health

Question 7

Sandra is a dietitian who is preparing nutrition education for an Asian community. She must consider how this community views health, including which of the following?

A) Imbalance is related to disease.
B) Sharing food is very important.
C) State of harmony with nature.
D) Imbalance is related to disease and state of harmony with nature.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 8

A nutritionist working in this community must know that which group's drinks and desserts are usually very sweet?

A) Hispanic American
B) African American
C) Asian American
D) All of these are correct.

Question 9

The hunger-obesity paradox is a phenomenon in which obesity and hunger coexist in the same household. When an individual is in this situation, their status of being overweight __________ as food insecurity __________.

A) increases, decreases
B) increases, increases
C) decreases, increases
D) decreases, decreases

Question 10

Greg has a family history of lung cancer. This has caused him to quit smoking cigarettes because he knows that it will only increase his chances of contracting lung or other cancers. Greg quitting smoking is an example of the ___________ factor that influences one's health.

A) biology
B) behavior
C) social environment
D) physical environment

Question 11

Melanie is a dietitian who frequently counsels persons who are of a different ethnic background than her own. Harris-Davis and Haughton found that _______ percent of registered dietitians provided services to individuals who were "culturally different than themselves" in a survey.

A) 20.4
B) 30.4
C) 40.4
D) 50.4

Question 12

Charles is a registered dietitian. He understands how some cultures are similar and others are different. This is known as cultural:

A) awareness.
B) knowledge.
C) skill.
D) encounter.

Question 13

Matt is using a single-item measure of general acculturation in order to find out more about his client's cultural background. The measure he is using provides a global measure of exposure to a host culture, and is commonly and successfully used for assessing general acculturation in many studies. What measure is this?

A) Self-identification
B) Generation level
C) Language
D) Residency

Question 14

Sandy is a Native-American woman who has just been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Annemaria, a dietitian, is giving her the necessary nutritional knowledge to manage the disease. It is evidenced in the way that Annemaria is providing the information that Sandy responds to and accurately interprets nonverbal and other cultural cues from Sandy, that Annemaria has a high level of what?

A) Cultural solidarity
B) Cultural specificity
C) Cultural sensitivity
D) Cultural selectivity

Question 15

Tailoring a program to the target group for which it is intended; utilizing the community's strengths, resources, and assets; and involving the target group whose members will be the recipients of the program, are all strategies that a dietitian can use when beginning what phase of designing a health promotion program for multicultural groups?

A) Evaluation
B) Intervention
C) Implementation
D) Action

Question 16

Nick is a dietitian who is studying why the diet of many Native Americans is poor. Which of the following does not contribute to the inadequate diet of Native Americans?

A) Lack of transportation
B) Lack of refrigeration
C) Growth retardation
D) Lack of running water

Question 17

Which of the following is not considered a strategy for strengthening organizational cultural competence?

A) Using a well-trained bilingual staff
B) Proving adequate fiscal resources
C) Employing indigenous health workers
D) Seeking ways to limit access to services for multicultural populations

Question 18

Low intakes of all except which of the following are associated with hypertension?

A) Sodium
B) Calcium
C) Magnesium
D) Potassium

Question 19

Some Hispanics believe that illness is caused by all of the following except:

A) dislocation of organs.
B) magic.
C) animal spirits.
D) an imbalance in hot or cold.

Question 20

Which of the following describes shared origin or social background?

A) Culture
B) Race
C) Ethnicity
D) Cultural Competence

Question 21

Which of the following is a social classification that relies on physical markers, such as skin color, to identify group membership?

A) Culture
B) Race
C) Ethnicity
D) Cultural Competence

Question 22

Corn, squash, beans, cranberries, and maple syrup are just a few of the items Native Americans introduced to Caucasian settlers.

Question 23

Nutritionists providing nutrition education to promote health must consider the interaction between biology and behaviors.

Question 24

Health disparities are the differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of diseases and other adverse health conditions that exist among specific population groups in the United States.

Question 25

A dietitian wants to know the definition of acculturation, which is repeated exposure to influences from a different culture. Dietary acculturation can result in both healthful and unhealthful dietary changes.

Question 26

The primary language spoken by the healthcare provider or the client does not create a barrier for health promotion programs.

Question 27

Native Americans do not believe that a state of health exists when a person lives in total harmony with nature.

Question 28

Cultural skill is the ability of people from one culture to understand and feel comfortable with the cultures of other people.

Question 29

Cultural sensitivity in health promotion programs refers to planning interventions that are relevant and acceptable within the cultural framework of the population to be reached.

Question 30

Some Hispanic Americans believe that certain situations can cause illness. List three of these situations.

Question 31

Acculturation scales do not typically include what?

A) Host country
B) Language
C) Diet-specific acculturation indicators
D) Food preferences

Question 32

Orientation to preventive health care is what type of barrier?

A) Demographic barrier
B) Cultural barrier
C) Health care system barrier
D) Demographic barrier and cultural barrier

Question 33

The following intervention strategy focuses on which relevant factors? Develop educational materials that reflect relevant ___________________ and literacy levels of the target group.

A) core populations
B) cultural values
C) themes
D) cultural values and themes

Question 34

Community nutritionists may provide a successful intervention program using all of the following strategies except:

A) define the level of change wanted as a result of the program (i.e., the health education level or the health promotion level).
B) make contact attempts on single specific date a time.
C) link cultural competence to the health promotion program.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 35

A community nutritionist in the intervention phase may have issues involving community organizations such as churches for which of the following reasons?

A) Many of them have their own causes, which may or may not have a health or nutrition focus.
B) Churches are legally forbidden from distributed health information.
C) Churches are inconveniently located for community gatherings.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 36

As part of intervention it is recommended a community nutritionist use which of the following to tailor the program to the intended target group?

A) MyPlate
B) Textbooks
C) Brochures
D) MyPlate and brochures

Question 37

The program planning strategy: identify specific health-related factors that affect the health of the target group in the community, includes examples such as which of the following?

A) Bypass community action
B) Create a supportive environment
C) Interview government officials
D) All of these are correct.

Question 38

In planning an intervention a community nutritionist should consider other factors affecting the community such as which of the following?

A) Being a new immigrant
B) Linguistic factors
C) Literacy
D) All of these are correct.

Question 39

Every organization needs to ensure that cultural competence philosophies are incorporated into its___________ and ____________________ and that all are followed.

A) online user agreement/policy
B) mission statement/product placements
C) policy/mission statement
D) All of these are correct.

Question 40

Variables that may be monitored and observed for organization cultural competence include which of the following?

A) The interaction between staff and management and among themselves
B) How management and personnel value diversity
C) How the management and staff adapt to the diversity and cultural contexts of individuals and communities served (accepting the differences within the community)
D) All of these are correct.

Question 41

Standard 1: Promote and support the _____________ and skills necessary for staff to work respectfully and effectively with patients and each other in a culturally diverse work environment.

A) attitudes
B) behaviors
C) knowledge
D) All of these are correct.

Question 42

Standard 11: Use a variety of methods to ________ and utilize accurate demographic, cultural, epidemiological, and clinical outcome data for racial and ethnic groups in the service area, and become ________ about the ethnic/cultural needs, resources, and assets of the surrounding community.

A) collect/informed
B) evaluate/superior to
C) distribute/published
D) diversify/aware

Question 43

Soul food is high in what food component?

A) Fat
B) Salt
C) Sugar
D) All of these are correct.

Question 44

Which of the following American ethnic groups is found to have nearly one-half consuming inadequate amounts of energy, vitamin A, and riboflavin and almost one-fourth consuming less than two-thirds the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of protein, phosphorus, and vitamin C ?

A) African American
B) Korean American
C) Chinese American
D) European American

Question 45

Heart disease rates are estimated to be ________ among Asian Indian immigrants than among European Americans.

A) 1.5-4.5 times less
B) 2-8 times greater
C) 1.5-4.5 times greater
D) 2-8 times less

Question 46

Infant mortality is lower for ______________ infants than for _____________ infants, despite the risk factors associated with the delay in enrolling in prenatal care.

A) Chinese American/European American
B) Mexican American/African American
C) Mexican American/European American
D) African America/Chinese American

Question 47

The term ___________ encompasses at least 23 subgroups including people from China, Mongolia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Burma, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, North Korea, South Korea, Japan, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, Philippines, Malaysia, and Polynesia.

A) European Americans
B) African Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) Mexican Americans

Question 48

The age-adjusted mortality rate for _______________ is about 50 percent higher than the rest of the United States, and one-third die before the age of 45, compared to just 11 percent of the total U.S. population.

A) Native Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) Mexican Americans
D) African Americans

Question 49

Some Hispanics believe that illness is due to which of the following?

A) Excessive emotion
B) Dislocation of internal organs
C) Magic
D) All of these are correct.

Question 50

Which of the following describes the individual's genetic makeup (those factors with which he or she is born), family history (which may suggest risk for disease), and the physical and mental health problems acquired during life?

A) Social environment
B) Physical environment
C) Biology
D) Behavior

Question 51

Which of the following describes individual responses or reactions to internal stimuli and external conditions?

A) Social environment
B) Physical environment
C) Biology
D) Behavior

Question 52

Otilia is a Romanian foreign exchange student who is now living in the United States. She is frequently eating fast food, and is adopting a more "American" way of eating. This is an example of what?

A) Dietary acculturation
B) Cultural change
C) Cultural encounter

Question 53

An African-American man is being seen by a dietitian. The dietitian assumes that he likes to eat, and that he only consumes foods that are associated with Southern cooking-fried chicken, collard greens, black-eyed peas, biscuits, etc. What perspective is the dietitian using?

A) Diversity
B) Ethnocentrism
C) Cultural

Question 54

There are always potential barriers to health promotion and disease prevention. Social customs and family dynamics are all examples of what type of barrier?

A) Demographic
B) Cultural
C) Healthcare system

Question 55

Terri finds it improper and intrusive for a person she has just met to make prolonged eye contact and ask her personal questions. What cultural group is she most likely a member of?

A) Asian
B) African American
C) Hispanic
D) Native American

Question 56

Which of the following describes the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group?

A) Culture
B) Race
C) Ethnicity
D) Cultural Competence

Question 57

Which of the following is defined by understanding the importance of social and cultural influences on individuals' health beliefs and behaviors?

A) Culture
B) Race
C) Ethnicity
D) Cultural Competence

Question 58

A dietitian working in the Asian community learned that heart disease rates are estimated to be one and one half to four times greater among Asian-Indian immigrants than among Caucasian Americans.

Question 59

A community nutritionist does not need to know that people from varying backgrounds become acculturated into U.S. society because dietary habits do not change from whole grains and vegetables to foods that are higher in fats and sugars.

Question 60

Dietetic professionals need to be sensitive to what might be considered acceptable or unacceptable by persons from different cultures by providing advice to each individual within a cultural perspective.

Question 61

Public and community dietitians need to avoid an ethnocentric perspective when working with ethnic groups. This means they should believe that one's own group view of the world is not superior to that of others.