Deck 1: Community Nutrition and Public Health

Question 1

Health promotion is defined as the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health. The approach in which instruction is directed at the entire population is the:

A) population approach.
B) collaboration approach.
C) interdisciplinary team approach.
D) individual approach.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The disadvantage that screening may not be universal and some high-risk individuals may not be identified is true for which of the following?

A) The individual approach
B) The population approach
C) The societal approach
D) The consensus approach

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which would be classified as a community approach?

A) New regulations for folate fortification of certain foods
B) Fat and calorie labels
C) Bone density screening for an individual at risk
D) Blood pressure screening at the community center

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Health promotion is defined as the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health. The two important strategies to choose from when designing a health promotion campaign aimed at risk reduction are:

A) population approach and individual approach.
B) collaboration approach.
C) interdisciplinary team approach.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 5

A low-income elderly woman is being screened for blood cholesterol level by a community nutritionist at a community health center. What level of prevention is the nutritionist using?

A) Primary prevention
B) Tertiary prevention
C) Secondary prevention

Question 6

An individual who is undergoing treatment as a result of osteoporosis is receiving which level of prevention?

A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention

Question 7

A low-income pregnant woman is seen by a community nutritionist at WIC. What level of prevention is the nutritionist using to reduce the woman's risk of malnutrition?

A) Primary prevention
B) Tertiary prevention
C) Secondary prevention

Question 8

A deficiency caused by an inadequate intake of a nutrient could be prevented by:

A) primary prevention.
B) secondary prevention.
C) clinical prevention.
D) subclinical prevention.
E) tertiary prevention.

Question 9

A community nutritionist is developing a program to reduce most of today's major public health problems in the United States. Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the United States?

A) Heart disease
B) Stroke and diabetes
C) Hypertension
D) Septicemia
E) Malaria

Question 10

Many government, health, and scientific organizations have provided comprehensive analyses of the relationship between:

A) stroke, cancer, and diabetes.
B) economic depression, wars, and civil rights.
C) infant mortality, heart disease, and poverty.
D) diet, lifestyle, and major chronic diseases.

Question 11

There has been a decrease in cardiovascular disease mortality in the past 25 years in the United States and most industrialized countries due to a massive preventive campaign to:

A) aid the WFA in worldwide hunger.
B) increase folic acid intake.
C) reduce fat intake and increase physical activity.
D) reduce amino acid consumption.

Question 12

Public health and community nutritionists engage in multitasking roles that can include all of the following except:

A) blood pressure screening.
B) diet counseling.
C) chemotherapy.
D) medical nutrition therapy.

Question 13

In public health, who is seen as the patient?

A) The individual
B) The community
C) The elderly
D) Only those in the hospital setting

Question 14

Secondary intervention includes designing activities:

A) to prevent a problem or disease before it starts.
B) to treat a disease that is already present.
C) related to early diagnosis and treatment, including screening for diseases.

Question 15

The Cooperative Extension System (CES) works in all of the following areas except:

A) natural resources.
B) the purchasing of wholesale goods.
C) family and consumer sciences.
D) community and economic development.

Question 16

EFNEP is short for:

A) Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program.
B) Educating Family and Newborn Entitlement Policy.
C) Environmental Funding and Nutrition Education Program.
D) Educating Family and Nutrition Education Program.

Question 17

In the Clemson University Cooperative Extension Nutrition Program, individuals in the intervention community had:

A) fewer cases of neural tube defects compared to the control community.
B) a significant decrease in the intake of dietary fat compared to the control community.
C) exceedingly high blood pressures compared to the control community.
D) more of a desire to consume high-carbohydrate foods compared to the control community.

Question 18

In his socioeconomic model, Mackenbach describes the selection process as represented by childhood health, which then determines adulthood health and which of the following?

A) Socioeconomic position
B) Psychological state
C) Heart disease risk
D) Governmental view

Question 19

A community nutritionist is developing a program to address most of Healthy People 2010 Focus Areas, which include which of the following?

A) Heart disease and cancer
B) Stroke and diabetes
C) Respiratory disease and tobacco use
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 20

A community can also be defined on the basis of a common interest or goal. A nutritionist was asked to identify and design a program for common-interest communities. All of these are examples of common-interest communities except:

A) Members of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
B) teenage mothers.
C) coworkers.
D) members of churches.
E) homebound elderly persons.

Question 21

Which of the following is not a key virtue of the American Board of Internal Medicine?

A) Integrity
B) Honesty
C) Compassion
D) Respect

Question 22

In promoting health and preventing diseases, community and public health nutritionists must interpret __________scientific information without bias in order to enable the community or clients to make informed decisions.

A) Evidence-based
B) Cited
C) Published
D) Ethical

Question 23

___________ are the number one cause of hospitalizations.

A) Long bone fractures
B) Birth defects
C) Stroke
D) Diabetes

Question 24

It is reported that infants who were never breastfed required more care for ____________ than infants breastfed for at least 3 months.

A) Lower respiratory tract illness
B) Otitis media (ear infection)
C) Gastrointestinal disease
D) All of these are correct.

Question 25

In Step One of the Nutrition Care Process, the nutrition diagnosis is summarized into a structured sentence called a nutrition diagnosis statement or:

A) diet prescription.
B) nutrition assessment.
C) PES statement.
D) public health statement.

Question 26

Sign(s) that can be observed and measured are called __________ and are used to quantify the changes that occurred due to nutrition intervention. The indicators for nutrition monitoring should reflect the community/clients' nutrition diagnosis, etiology, and signs/symptoms.

A) nutrition implementation
B) assessment
C) nutrition care indicators
D) nutrition prescription

Question 27

Which of the following is not a component of monitoring and evaluation?

A) Measure outcomes.
B) Monitor progress.
C) Diagnose nutrition problem.
D) Evaluate outcomes.

Question 28

Which of the following is an important part of planning in which the nutrition intervention is specified and is the community or individualized recommended dietary intake of selected foods or nutrients based on current reference standards and dietary guidelines and the client's or community's health condition and nutrition diagnosis?

A) Nutrition counseling
B) Assessment
C) Nutrition care indicators
D) Nutrition prescription

Question 29

Which of the following is a supportive process, characterized by a collaborative counselor-client relationship that sets priorities, establishes goals, and creates individualized action plans that acknowledge and promote responsibility for self- or group care?

A) Nutrition counseling
B) Assessment
C) Nutrition care indicators
D) Nutrition prescription

Question 30

What does PES stand for in PES statement?

A) Planned Execution of Nutrition Solutions
B) Problem. Etiology. Signs/Symptoms.
C) Preventive. Evaluation. Sign/Symptoms.
D) Problem. Evaluation. Solution.

Question 31

The proper format of a PES statement involves what?

A) P, E in relation to S.
B) P caused by E due to S.
C) P as described by E proven through S.
D) P related to E as evidenced by S.

Question 32

_________________ is the way individuals learn to assess and modify a situation before acting. A critical thinker is simultaneously problem solving and self-improving his or her thinking ability.

A) Nutrition implementation
B) Nutrition counseling
C) Critical thinking
D) Decision evaluation

Question 33

The way individuals learn to assess and modify a situation before acting is called:

A) nutrition diagnosis.
B) nutrition assessment.
C) nutrition care.
D) critical thinking.

Question 34

Which of the following is not a data source for nutrition assessment?

A) Interviewing
B) Community-based survey
C) Epidemiologic studies
D) All of these are data sources

Question 35

A nutrition strategy that utilizes food and/or nutrient delivery is part of which step of the Nutrition Care Process?

A) Nutrition assessment
B) Nutrition diagnosis
C) Nutrition intervention
D) Nutrition monitoring

Question 36

Public health has been viewed as the scientific diagnosis and treatment of the community. In this vision:

A) community is a better term because it includes everyone.
B) the community, instead of the individual, is seen as the patient.
C) the government regulates public health departments to focus on community.

Question 37

Medical geneticists working on the Human Genome Project, which was a major international initiative to decipher the 3 billion-unit code of DNA in the 80,000 to 100,000 genes found in humans, have already identified genes associated with many chronic diseases. Factors associated with chronic disease include:

A) dietary intake, genetics, and lifestyle.
B) dietary intake, teen pregnancy, and diabetes.
C) dietary intake, education, and genetics.
D) dietary intake, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors.

Question 38

A group of dietitians worked hard to change the laws on food safety. This action is an example of:

A) educating and supporting a breastfeeding mother.
B) systems-based prevention.
C) public campaigns for decreasing the incidence of obesity.
D) community.

Question 39

The Cooperative Extension System is an agency under the U.S. Department of Agriculture. It provides educational programs that help individuals and families acquire life skills.

Question 40

The Cooperative Extension System is a nationwide, tax-supported, educational program that enables people to make practical decisions in life.