Deck 17: Preventing Injuries: Concussions in Sports

Question 1

In 2005, publication of a journal article in Neurosurgery, chronically autopsy changes in the brain of an individual, sparked enormous controversy in what area of athletics?

A) Professional ice hockey
B) Professional basketball
C) Professional lacrosse
D) Professional football

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In the late 1920s, boxers showed signs and symptoms of what is now called:

A) Traumatic brain injury
B) Dementia pugilistica
C) Chronic encephalopathy
D) Brain swelling

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Most concussions (about 80-90%) heal on their own, usually within how long?

A) 2-3 days
B) 7-10 days
C) 2-3 weeks
D) 1-2 months

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Concussions are most common in which group?

A) Children and adolescents
B) Professional soccer players
C) Older adults
D) College football players

Question 5

CDC's educational initiative about concussions is called:

A) Get Smart
B) Heads Up
C) Think Concussion
D) Sports Tool Kit

Question 6

According to the CDC, what proportion of all emergency department visits for sports and recreation-related concussions were seen in children and adolescents?

A) One quarter
B) One half
C) Two thirds
D) Three quarters

Question 7

Data about nonfatal traumatic brain injuries from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (2001 to 2009) showed:

A) A significant decrease in emergency department visits
B) A significant increase in emergency department visits
C) A similar trend across the time period
D) A significant change since 1980

Question 8

The most likely explanation for an increase in emergency department visits for TBIs, without an increase hospitalizations for TBIs is:

A) More young people are playing sports
B) More use of medical imaging
C) Increased awareness about concussions
D) Better use of helmets

Question 9

The sport or recreational activity with this highest number of emergency department visits for TBIs is:

A) Soccer
B) Hockey
C) Basketball
D) Bicycling

Question 10

The sport of recreational activity with the highest percentage of emergency department visits for TBIs is:

A) Horseback riding
B) Hockey
C) Baseball
D) Bicycling

Question 11

Since 2009, nearly all 50 states and the District of Columbia have passed "return-to-play laws to prevent concussions in youth and high school sports.

Question 12

Concussions may be caused by direct impact to the head or by impact to other parts of the body.

Question 13

If a person has experienced a concussion, their brain may be vulnerable until it heals, creating risk from a second injury.

Question 14

Second impact syndrome is characterized by a second head injury, as well as rapid brain swelling and bruising.

Question 15

In a published review looking at the details of how, when and where concussions happened, investigators found that about three-quarters were from player-to-player contact.

Question 16

Generally, more concussion occur in sports practices rather than in actual competitions.

Question 17

In a study about soccer heading found that greater lifetime heading was associated with worse score related to brain functioning.

Question 18

A study of amateur soccer players in New York City found more heading, rather than concussion history, was associated with brain abnormalities on MRI.

Question 19

A Canadian study designed to evaluate the risk of body checking and concussion found concussion risks were higher in leagues that did not allow body checking.

Question 20

In a study of helmets using crash dummies, use of helmets reduced concussion risk by 50%.

Question 21

Helmets are most effective in preventing skull fractures and focal brain bruising.

Question 22

Examples of concussion consensus guidelines include those from the 4^th International Conference in Sport and the American Academy of Neurology.

Question 23

The American Academy of Neurology in 2013 concluded that there was extensive data to determine that currently-used treatments were effective in mitigating the health impact of concussions.

Question 24

Current consensus guidelines agree on immediate removal from play when a concussion is suspected, evaluation by a trained health professional, and strict return-to-play guidelines.

Question 25

Experts agree there are gaps in our knowledge of diagnosis, treatment, second-impact syndrome, and effective policy measures.

Question 26

The 2009 Washington State Zachery Lystedt Law, a model for other states, required:

A) Policies for coaches, athletes, and parents
B) Parents to sign an information sheet each sports season
C) Written medical clearance to return to play
D) That athletes were evaluated by a licensed and trained healthcare provider

Question 27

Symptoms from concussion may include:

A) Headache
B) Fever
C) Difficulty concentrating
D) Not feeling right

Question 28

Signs of concussion that might be noticed by others may include:

A) Changes in mood or behavior
B) Confusion
C) Loss of interest in sports
D) Forgetting things

Question 29

Current areas of controversy with regards to concussion include:

A) Many different published guidelines
B) Agreement on return to play
C) Risk of second-impact syndrome
D) Effectiveness of helmets

Question 30

Which of the following best help to prevent concussions?

A) Enforcing rules of the specific sport
B) Helmets
C) Education of parents, players, coaches
D) Return to play guidelines