Deck 18: HIV and AIDS: The Fourth Decade

Question 1

Challenges in achieving a "cure" of HIV infection are in part because:

A) Various cells and body tissues may harbor "reservoirs" of HIV-1 infection
B) Funding for bone marrow transplants has declined dramatically
C) There is a misperception that HIV cannot be cured
D) Genetic markers, indicative of cure, may be inaccurate

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The first reports of what is now known as HIV infection began when five healthy young men were reported with which infection?

A) Tuberculosis
B) Influenza
C) Pneumocystis carinii
D) C. difficile

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What change was made by the CDC to enable better tracking of public health progress against HIV and AIDS?

A) Regular national AIDS reports
B) Tracking HIV infection
C) Local surveys of treatment needs
D) News reports of cures

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Estimated new HIV infections are not evenly distributed, and are most common in which population?

A) Black female IDUs
B) White heterosexual women
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C) Black MSM
D) White MSM

Question 5

CDC estimates there are how many new HIV infections each year in the U.S.?

A) 10,000
B) 25,000
C) 50,000
D) 100,000

Question 6

Highest rates of HIV infection were seen in which of the following states?

A) Alaska
B) Utah
C) New York
D) Maine

Question 7

The use of two different antiretroviral medications taken daily to prevent HIV infection in individuals not HIV infected is called:

A) Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
B) Community prevention
C) Risk behavior modification
D) Infection control and prevention

Question 8

Reports of the apparent cure of an HIV-infected patient after stem-cell transplantation for acute leukemia called this individual:

A) Transiently improved
B) Berlin patient
C) Genetically cured
D) Anecdotal

Question 9

An innovative approach to simulate genetic resistance to HIV infection involved an enzyme called:

A) CCR5
B) HIV synthetase
C) Zinc-finger nuclease
D) Infection mutase

Question 10

The most important risk factor for HIV transmission is:

A) Viral load
B) Community resources
C) Consistent behavioral approaches
D) Access to health care

Question 11

An innovation reported in 2014 involved gene editing, in an attempt to give patients acquired genetic resistance to HIV infection.

Question 12

The history of the AIDS pandemic has included controversies in the areas of prevention, treatment, research, and funding.

Question 13

HIV and AIDS is now in its third decade in the United States.

Question 14

Serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion (STARHS) can help tell whether an infection occurred more than one year prior.

Question 15

Getting an HIV test is associated with engaging in less-risky behaviors.

Question 16

About 20% of new HIV infections in 2010 were in women.

Question 17

Discovery and widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy led to reductions in HIV/AIDS deaths in developed countries.

Question 18

Globally, use of antiretroviral therapy has not led to significant reductions in HIV/AIDS deaths in low- and middle-income countries.

Question 19

It is estimated that about 50% of individuals with HIV infection in the U.S. are getting appropriate treatment.

Question 20

An HIV Prevention Trials Network study in 9 countries shows that early antiretroviral therapy decreased both HIV transmission and HIV-related clinical conditions.

Question 21

Use of PrEP along with established prevention methods have been demonstrated to result in declines in HIV infections in MSM.

Question 22

If a person is homozygous for the 32-bp deletion in the CCR5 allele, the individual is genetically resistant to HIV infection.

Question 23

Public health experts believe an effective vaccine used with other effective prevention methods will accelerate progress against HIV.

Question 24

The number of new HIV infections in the U.S. has declined dramatically in the past five years.

Question 25

Local HIV prevention and treatment initiatives have demonstrated success in different U.S. locations.

Question 26

Some of the data systems used to help monitor progress against HIV includes:

A) Serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion (STARHS)
B) Medical Monitoring Project (MMP)
C) National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system (NHBS)
D) National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)

Question 27

Which of the following prevention strategies were emphasized at the 2014 International AIDS Conference?

A) Guidelines for HIV testing
B) Condoms
C) Using ART in HIV-infected mothers
D) PrEP

Question 28

Which populations are especially challenging to reach with HIV prevention strategies?

A) Low-income countries
B) Injection-drug users
C) Older Americans
D) Pregnant women

Question 29

Goals of CDC's "High-Impact Prevention" strategy include:

A) Measurable goals
B) Improving access to care for people with HIV
C) Reducing health disparities related to HIV infection
D) Establishing geographic priorities

Question 30

Challenges in the fourth decade of HIV include:

A) Controversy over PrEP
B) Reaching all populations with prevention and treatment
C) Lack of an effective vaccine
D) Sustained global commitment