Question 1

A major cause of health disparities in people with developmental disabilities (DDs) is:&#10;A) Congenital heart disease&#10;B) Lack of access to health-related, long-term care services and supports&#10;C) Intellectual disability&#10;D) The use of adaptive equipment such as wheelchairs and communication devices

Accepted Answer

People with developmental disabilities often face barriers to accessing health-related, long-term care services and supports, which contributes significantly to health disparities.

Question 2

According to the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Civil Rights Act of 2000, a person who is blind from birth has a developmental disability.

Accepted Answer

The Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 defines developmental disabilities as severe, chronic disabilities attributable to mental or physical impairments that manifest before age 22 and are likely to continue indefinitely, resulting in substantial functional limitations in three or more major life activities. Blindness alone does not meet these criteria.

Question 3

Matt is a 20-year-old, nonverbal, autistic man. Presuming competence means:&#10;A) Recommending a well-run residential care facility&#10;B) Assuming he can do college-level academics&#10;C) Asking his caregiver to provide his medical history&#10;D) Referring Matt to a speech therapist for an augmentative communication evaluation&#10;E) Recommending Sesame Street videos to improve his reading skills

Accepted Answer

Presuming competence involves assuming that an individual has the ability to understand and learn, and providing them with the necessary tools and support to communicate effectively, such as through an augmentative communication evaluation.

Question 4

Cerebral palsy is a condition affecting body movement and muscle coordination caused by differences in the:&#10;A) Peripheral nerves&#10;B) Brain&#10;C) Muscles&#10;D) Spinal cord&#10;E) Brain stem

Accepted Answer

Cerebral palsy is caused by abnormalities in the brain that affect body movement and muscle coordination.

Question 5

Common secondary conditions in people with cerebral palsy include:&#10;A) Aspiration&#10;B) Constipation&#10;C) Gastroesophageal reflux&#10;D) Dysarthria&#10;E) All of the above

Accepted Answer

People with cerebral palsy often experience secondary conditions such as aspiration, constipation, gastroesophageal reflux, and dysarthria due to their primary motor impairments and associated complications.

Question 6

Medical problems associated with Down syndrome include:&#10;A) Hearing impairment, hypothyroidism, and early Alzheimer disease&#10;B) Caf&#233; au lait spots, kidney disease, diabetes&#10;C) Megacolon, arthritis, liver disease&#10;D) Asthma, gallstones, adrenal insufficiency

Accepted Answer

Individuals with Down syndrome commonly experience medical issues such as hearing impairment, hypothyroidism, and are at increased risk for early-onset Alzheimer disease.

Question 7

Adults with disabilities have an increased risk for abuse and neglect. They should be screened yearly with a complete history and physical exam. Some signs and symptoms of abuse/neglect include:&#10;A) Weight gain, depression, skin rashes&#10;B) Unexplained bruising, behavior changes, depression&#10;C) Falls, decreased vision or hearing&#10;D) Trauma, depression, hernias

Accepted Answer

Unexplained bruising, behavior changes, and depression are common signs and symptoms of abuse and neglect in adults with disabilities.

Question 8

Colorectal cancer screening in adults with developmental disabilities is:&#10;A) Too difficult and should be avoided&#10;B) Best done under general anesthesia&#10;C) The prep may be challenging for patients with spasticity and mobility disorders&#10;D) Required only once in a person's lifetime

Accepted Answer

The preparation for colorectal cancer screening, such as colonoscopy, can be challenging for patients with developmental disabilities, especially those with spasticity and mobility disorders, due to difficulties in following the preparation instructions.

Question 9

A good oral exam is important to perform at least annually in adults with disabilities due to the increased incidence of dental disease in this population. The USPSTF recommends:&#10;A) Regular dental care every 3-6 months&#10;B) Hydrogen peroxide mouthwashes&#10;C) Periodic saliva testing for acidity&#10;D) Fluoride varnish for high caries risk patients

Accepted Answer

Fluoride varnish is recommended for patients at high risk of dental caries as it helps to strengthen tooth enamel and prevent decay.

Question 10

Individuals with developmental disabilities are at high risk for osteoporosis at ages younger than in the general population. The following statements are all true except:&#10;A) Dexa scans of the spine and hip may be difficult to obtain in patients with mobility impairments and those with severe spasticity.&#10;B) The age to begin screening is unclear .&#10;C) Once screening has begun, dexa scans should be done on an annual basis.&#10;D) Serum vitamin D 25OH levels should be checked on a regular basis.

Accepted Answer

Annual dexa scans are not typically recommended; the frequency depends on individual risk factors and clinical guidelines.

Deck 38: Health Care Maintenance for Adults With Developmental Disabilities