Deck 40: An Overview of Breast Screening

Question 1

The 2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines recommended which of the following?

A) biennial screening for women between the ages of 50 and 74
B) annual screening for women 75 and older
C) teaching breast self-examination following menarche
D) beginning biannual clinical breast examination following menarche

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The 1986 Forrest Report recommended the introduction of a National Health Service Breast Screening Program in the United Kingdom offering mammography once every _____ to women aged 50 to 64.

A) six months
B) two years
C) three years
D) five years

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The breast cancer risk ratio at the 13-year follow-up was highest in which of the following studies?

A) HIP
B) Kopparberg
C) Malmo
D) CNBSS-2

Answer 3

D

Question 4

When the estimated reduction from the combined data from the trials discussed in this chapter is translated into the absolute benefit, one death is prevented per _____ women screened annually for 10 years.

A) 1,000
B) 2,000
C) 5,000
D) 10,000

Question 5

Which of the following organizations is considered to offer the most objective evaluation of evidence in the "mammography wars" that followed the USPSTF 2009 guidelines?

A) GE Healthcare
B) Siemens
C) Cochrane Collaboration
D) American College of Radiology

Question 6

Which statement about the New York Health Insurance Plan breast screening trials in the 1960s is correct?

A) Over 90% of the intervention group attended the first screening.
B) In the 15-year follow-up, an increase in breast cancer mortality was observed in screened women ages 40-49.
C) Approximately 150,000 women took part in the screening trials.
D) Mammography quality was comparable to that of current standards.

Question 7

Screening mammography evaluates abnormalities in symptomatic women of any age.

Question 8

Based on results from a large trial conducted in China, the current consensus is that breast self-examination should be recommended to female patients age 30 and older.

Question 9

Menopause is associated with a reduction in breast density and an increase in mammography sensitivity.

Question 10

The CNBSS trial included a structured protocol for CBE.

Question 11

By the early 1990s, the major medical authorities in the United States offered largely uniform breast cancer screening recommendations.

Question 12

What is the purpose of randomization in randomized controlled trials?

Question 13

List three of the downsides of mammography screening.

Question 14

What five questions does Les Irwig, author of Smart Health Choices, recommend that women consider when deciding whether to undergo breast screening?

Question 15

What two recommendations were made by the working group that evaluated the data from the early 1970s Breast Cancer Demonstration Project (BCDDP), which determined the design of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study (CNBSS) in 1980?