Deck 14: Prevention of Hivaids in Women

Question 1

The earliest record of a male condom being used for medical purposes was from the Italian anatomist Gabrielo Fallopio, who recommended its use to protect against _____.

A) pregnancy
B) chlamydia
C) gonorrhea
D) syphilis

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What theoretical approach to controlling the spread of HIV did WHO scientists propose in 2008?

A) worldwide ban on male circumcision for ten years
B) distribution of free hypodermic needles to drug users
C) annual HIV testing for all adults
D) ongoing antiretroviral treatment for all adults

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which statement about Project RESPECT is true?

A) It was a group-based study.
B) All participants used the same intervention.
C) It involved one-on-one sessions with counselors.
D) Instances of reinfection of gonorrhea in female participants were significantly reduced.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is one of the theoretical assumptions upon which PROMISE was based?

A) People typically change behavior suddenly, without warning.
B) Reasoned action is guided by attitudes, beliefs, and the expectations of others.
C) Learning follows from independent personal experimentation.
D) Peers have little influence on an individual's behavioral decisions.

Question 5

Group-based studies such as SISTA and FIO have shown that _____.

A) multiple group counseling sessions correspond with a decline in unprotected sex
B) financial incentives are necessary to create a decline in unprotected sex
C) group counseling sessions have no significant impact on rates of unprotected sex
D) group counseling sessions are only effective when both males and females are involved

Question 6

Male circumcision appears to help prevent the spread of HIV.

Question 7

The widespread treatment of those infected in a societywide intervention would have a similar effect among women as well as men.

Question 8

The use of male condoms specifically to protect women against contracting STIs has been encouraged in the United States as far back as World War I.

Question 9

Research has conclusively proven that the female condom is at least as effective as the male condom for preventing HIV transmission.

Question 10

Trials of the antiretroviral drug Tenofovir 1% as a form of microbicide showed a significant degree of protection against HIV transmission and reduced incidence of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2).

Question 11

What were the initial three approaches recommended by researchers to prevent HIV infection in women?

Question 12

What reasons have been given to explain the reluctance of couples to use condoms?

Question 13

List four of the approaches recommended for the prevention of HIV transmission, in addition to developing, testing, and introducing physical and chemical barriers against HIV infection.

Question 14

Describe three of the problems related to microbicide trials.

Question 15

Explain the difference between the "abstinence only" and "abstinence plus" approaches.