Deck 11: Stress

Question 1

What is the order in which the HPA axis stress hormones are released?

A) CRH, ACTH, glucocorticoids
B) Corticosterone, CRH, ACTH
C) ACTH, glucocorticoids, corticosterone
D) ACTH, CRH, epinephrine

Answer 1

A

Question 2

When blood titers are low, glucocorticoids preferentially bind to

A) the POA.
B) GC receptors.
C) MR receptors.
D) GR receptors.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

While conducting experiment attempting to characterize a new ovarian hormone, Hans Seyle demonstrated that

A) there are a wide variety of stress hormones.
B) glucocorticoids are secreted in response to stressors of virtually all types.
C) each stressor produces its own unique stress response.
D) the stress response differs depending on whether a stressor is truly harmful as opposed to merely unpleasant.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

During the initial phase of parachute training in men, testosterone concentrations

A) decrease.
B) increase.
C) are unaffected.
D) vary substantially.

Question 5

Which is not a likely stressor?

A) Exposure to low temperatures
B) Watching an exciting athletic competition
C) Experiencing electric shock
D) Enjoying your favorite meal

Question 6

Among male baboons studied in Kenya, the major source of stress is mating competition. Among such males, stressful events produce longer-lasting hormonal changes in

A) subordinate individuals.
B) dominant individuals.
C) both dominant and subordinate individuals.
D) None of the above

Question 7

Early experiences with stressful situations result in _______ susceptibility to stressful situations in adulthood among rats.

A) elevated
B) no change in
C) decreased
D) variable

Question 8

How does stress enhance drug use?

A) Adrenaline released during stress is addictive.
B) Cortisol accentuates the effects of dopamine to increase the rewarding properties of drugs.
C) Cortisol decreases the number of opioid receptors.
D) Cortisol increases pulse rate which gets the drugs to the brain faster.

Question 9

Stress can affect learning and memory because

A) corticosterone receptors are found in the adrenal glands.
B) adrenaline receptors are abundant in the hypothalamus.
C) adrenaline receptors are found in tissues associated with fear.
D) corticosterone receptors are found in the hippocampus.

Question 10

HPA is an abbreviation for

A) hippocampal-pituitary-amygdalar.
B) hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal.
C) hypothalamic-peduncular-amygdalar.
D) hippocampal-peduncular-adrenal.

Question 11

Which is not an adaptive effect of the stress response?

A) Increased immediate availability of energy
B) Decreased pain perception
C) Decreased blood flow to unnecessary areas
D) Reduced oxygen need

Question 12

Humans with PTSD show less _______ binding throughout the brain.

A) GABA
B) glutamate
C) dopamine
D) serotonin

Question 13

During an acute stressor, individual responses include

A) decreased oxygen intake.
B) increased blood flow to organ systems.
C) inhibition of reproduction.
D) increased pain perception.

Question 14

List at least four symptoms of a prolonged stress response.

Question 15

List three ways that stress affects behavior via the endocrine system.

Question 16

Briefly describe two situations that can cause psychosocial dwarfism.

Question 17

List three psychological factors that ameliorate the effects of stress.

Question 18

How might stress act to inhibit reproductive function?

Question 19

What are the four categories of ranges that hormones or other mediators respond to perturbations of homeostasis?

Question 20

Define stress and outline the physiological changes that stress may produce in humans and other animals.

Question 21

Document the role of stress in affecting reproductive or maternal behaviors. Speculate on the neuroendocrine mechanisms.

Question 22

Describe and discuss both negative and positive features of stress.

Question 23

What is the difference between acute and chronic stress in terms of physiological response? Are both adaptive? Consider the general adaptation syndrome in your response.