Deck 10: Maternal and Child Health in Rural Areas

Question 1

All of the following are part of the guiding principles of the life course approach except:

A) life span development.
B) linked lives.
C) human agency.
D) nutrition.
E) timing.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of the life course approach?

A) A child bitten by a mosquito gets infected with malaria.
B) A female infant with low birthweight develops chronic disease later in life.
C) A woman is physically abused by the husband and gets bruises over her body.
D) A woman gets stressed after a busy day at work.
E) None of these is correct.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which division of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides leadership in the promotion of women's and infant health?

A) Division for Maternal and Child Health
B) Division for Reproductive and Infant Health
C) Division of Reproductive Health
D) Division of Infant Health
E) Division for Women and Children's Health

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Approximately what percent of women in the United States live in rural areas?

A) 70%
B) 18%
C) 23%
D) 35%
E) 46%

Question 5

Which of the following factors account for the high rate of exposure of rural dwellers to HIV/AIDS?

A) Lack of access to contraceptive services
B) Access to over the counter medications
C) Lack of over the counter medications
D) Lack of access to contraceptive services and lack of over the counter medications
E) None of these is correct.

Question 6

Maternal mortality can be caused by all the following except:

A) postpartum hemorrhage.
B) intensive exercise.
C) high blood pressure.
D) obstructed labor.
E) infections.

Question 7

Maternal mortality is more likely to occur in which of the following groups?

A) Black, older, less educated, and unmarried women
B) Black, younger, less educated, and unmarried women
C) White, older, less educated, and unmarried women
D) White, younger, less educated, and unmarried women
E) Black, older, less educated, and married women

Question 8

Adequate prenatal care consists of all the following except:

A) blood sugar testing.
B) vaccinations.
C) counseling on breastfeeding and birth control.
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 9

Which of the following is an important indicator of infant mortality and morbidity?

A) Low birthweight
B) Maternal weight
C) Paternal weight
D) Maternal weight and paternal weight
E) None of these is correct.

Question 10

Which of the following women have the highest risk of adverse health outcomes?

A) Hispanic Black women
B) White women
C) Non-Hispanic Black women
D) Hispanic Black women and White women
E) None of these is correct.

Question 11

Mrs. Smith is a pregnant woman at low risk for pregnancy complications. What is the optimal number of prenatal visits for her?

A) 4-5 visits
B) 4-8 visits
C) 5-9 visits
D) 6-10 visits
E) 8-11 visits

Question 12

A three-year-old girl has been subjected to physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. These experiences can be termed as:

A) child harassment.
B) child molestation.
C) adverse childhood experiences.
D) child neglect.
E) child labor.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a consequence of exposure to unsafe water in children?

A) Gastrointestinal infections
B) Cancers
C) Liver deterioration
D) Stress
E) Intestinal deterioration

Question 14

Which of the following is not a key component of the School Health program?

A) Health services
B) Health education
C) Oral health
D) Physical education
E) Counseling

Question 15

All of the following are advantages of family planning practices except:

A) it promotes gender equality.
B) it preserves human life.
C) it ensures environmental sustainability.
D) it eradicates extreme hunger and poverty.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 16

The most common non-hormonal temporal family planning method is:

A) condom use.
B) insertion of diaphragm.
C) use of norigynon.
D) abstinence.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 17

Which of the following are the most common forms of STIs?

A) Chlamydia and gonorrhea
B) Syphilis and HIV/AIDs
C) Chlamydia and HIV/AIDS
D) Syphilis and gonorrhea
E) Syphilis and chlamydia

Question 18

The two main forms of permanent family planning methods are which of the following?

A) Vasectomy and use of IUDs
B) Tubal ligation and insertion of Jadelle
C) Insertion of Jadelle and IUDs
D) Vasectomy and tubal ligation
E) None of these is correct.

Question 19

The temporal concepts of the guiding principles of the life course approach are trajectories, transitions, and turning points.

Question 20

Transitions and turning points are mutually exclusive.

Question 21

Compared to women living in rural areas, women in urban regions are more likely to have motor vehicle accidents due to huge often present in urban areas.
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Question 22

Very low birth weight can be defined as birthweight less than 1500 grams.

Question 23

A 16-year-old female high school student living in rural Michigan is less likely to get pregnant than a girl of similar age and characteristics living in urban Michigan.

Question 24

Vaginal deliveries after caesarian section are performed more often in rural areas.

Question 25

Due to improvement in medical care, maternal morbidity and mortality are decreasing in the United States.

Question 26

Infant mortality is defined as the number of infant deaths per 10,000 births.

Question 27

Social Security Act Title IV & V was the first to raise concern over maternal child health.

Question 28

The program entitled "Administration for Children and Families (ACF)", is responsible for promoting the economic and social well-being of children, families, individuals, and communities, with leadership and resources for compassionate, effective delivery of human services.

Question 29

Childhood encompasses three stages in the life course-infancy, toddler, and school-age.

Question 30

Children living in urban areas have a higher rate of obesity due to the availability of food.

Question 31

Children living in rural areas are more likely to access sufficiently fluoridated water, either through private wells or through the public water supply and are therefore less vulnerable to tooth decay.

Question 32

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are defined as chronic stressors or trauma that occur during childhood and have both short- and long-term impacts on one's health.

Question 33

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) have been seen to increase the likelihood of negative health behaviors in children.

Question 34

Two-thirds of minority children, including African American, Hispanic, and American Indian/Alaska Native children, live in concentrated poverty, compared to one-third of White children.

Question 35

While rural and urban children are likely to have similar insurance rates, rural children are less likely to be covered by Medicaid.

Question 36

Rural families are more likely to utilize emergency departments for non-emergency situations.

Question 37

Health professional shortage areas (HPSAs) are determined by person to provider ratio, percentage of population living below 100% of the federal poverty level, and travel time to the nearest source of care.

Question 38

The Head Start program is funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Question 39

Social stigmas and fears about lack of confidentiality are not significant barriers that are likely to prevent adolescents from seeking reproductive health care.

Question 40

The use of digital media such as the internet, social networking sites, and text messages are mostly ineffective strategies at improving adolescent reproductive health.

Question 41

Family Planning is not globally accepted as a human right.

Question 42

A diaphragm is a soft silicone cup with a flexible outer ring. The cup should be inserted into the vagina to completely cover the cervix.

Question 43

The natural or calendar method is a very reliable family planning method.

Question 44

Describe two programs that have been implemented to address the difficulty in providing care to rural women.

Question 45

Explain three (3) reasons for the high rate of maternal mortality in rural areas.

Question 46

Overarching social determinants of children's health in rural areas include poverty, inadequate access to health care and health services, and housing and water concerns. Explain how these factors affect the health of children living in rural areas.

Question 47

Discuss the two salient issues adolescents living in rural areas face in reproductive health.

Question 48

In order to help achieve a healthy pregnancy and baby, women are recommended to consume an additional 300 kcal per day during pregnancy as well as the necessary micronutrients, such as folic acid and iron. Explain the reasons for this recommendation.

Question 49

Even though America, as a developed country, has a strong health service infrastructure, we still suffer from higher rates of unintended pregnancies than other comparable developed countries. Explain the reasons for this observation.