Deck 7: Cardiovascular Disease in Rural USA

Question 1

Cardiovascular diseases refers to disorders of the:

A) heart only.
B) blood vessels only.
C) peripheral blood vessels only.
D) heart and all the blood vessels.
E) None of these is correct.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Common types of cardiovascular diseases include:

A) heart valve disorders only.
B) heart arrhythmias only.
C) stroke only.
D) heart arrhythmias and stroke only.
E) All of these are correct.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Compared to other regions, rates of mortality due to CVD are more prevalent in which of the following?

A) Western region
B) Northeast region
C) Southern region
D) Midwest region
E) All regions have equal distribution.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The race/ethnicity with lower reported rates of heart diseases compared to other races/ethnicities is which of the following?

A) Native Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) African Americans
D) White Americans
E) Mixed race Americans

Question 5

Examples of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) include:

A) coronary artery disease.
B) peripheral artery disease.
C) heart failure.
D) heart arrhythmias.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 6

The most common form of cardiovascular disease in the U.S. is:

A) coronary artery disease.
B) peripheral artery disease.
C) heart failure.
D) heart arrhythmias.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 7

Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases include:

A) hypertension.
B) tobacco smoking.
C) diabetes.
D) obesity.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 8

The cardiovascular disease burden in the U.S. is estimated to be:

A) 1.5 times greater for men compared with women in all states.
B) 2 times greater for men compared with women in all states.
C) 3 times greater for men compared with women in all states.
D) 4 times greater for men compared with women in all states.
E) 5 times greater for men compared with women in all states.

Question 9

As of 2017, CDC Data trends showed that stroke appears to substantially affect the _____ region of the United States more than other regions.

A) Western
B) Northeast
C) Midwest
D) Southern
E) All regions have equal distribution.

Question 10

Heart disease is linked to ________ in both sexes.

A) 1 out of 3 deaths
B) 2 out of 5 deaths
C) 2 out of 3 deaths
D) 1 out of 4 deaths
E) 1 out of 5 deaths

Question 11

Contributing factors to CVD disparities across the U.S. include all the following except:

A) limited access to medical treatment.
B) income status.
C) low level of education.
D) risk prevalence.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 12

All the following states report a high number of life years lost to CVD except:

A) Louisiana.
B) Alabama.
C) Minnesota.
D) Mississippi.
E) Tennessee.

Question 13

States with the highest socioeconomic status include all the following except:

A) Massachusetts.
B) Connecticut.
C) New Hampshire.
D) Arkansas.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 14

Health Information Technology has been shown to:

A) lower medical costs.
B) reduce medical errors.
C) improve patient care.
D) lower medical costs and reduce medical errors only.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 15

Treatments delivered through telemedicine include all the following except:

A) diagnosis of common medical problems.
B) prescription fills.
C) treatment recommendation.
D) cardiac rehabilitation.
E) open heart surgery.

Question 16

Early data (late 1960s to mid-1980s) previously reported higher CVD-related deaths among Americans living in the rural regions compared to urban dwellers.

Question 17

Current data (since mid-1990s) shows a prevalence of CVD-related death among those living in metro compared to nonmetro locations.

Question 18

Heart disease deaths among women have been reported to be 20% higher in rural than urban areas across the U.S.

Question 19

Heart disease mortality does not differ among ethnic groups that live in urban and rural regions of the U.S.

Question 20

Identifying underlying causes that contribute to health disparities will influence health policies and resource allocations.

Question 21

Coronary artery disease results when there is blockage in the vessels of the heart.

Question 22

Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the U.S.

Question 23

Heart failure is when the heart is not able to maintain blood supply to meet the metabolic needs of the body.

Question 24

The disparities in cardiovascular diseases between states have not changed in the past 25 years.

Question 25

An area known as the "stroke belt" in the Southeast has an excessively high stroke mortality rate.

Question 26

Within the Stroke Belt lies a sub-area called the "Stroke-Bottom."

Question 27

Hispanic populations have lower incidence and prevalence of most types of cardiovascular disease than non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks.

Question 28

One explanation as to why younger women have less reported CVD is due to the protective benefits of the estrogen hormone.

Question 29

Men over the age of 20 years living in rural counties are less likely to die from heart disease than men living in suburban areas.

Question 30

The burden of cardiovascular disease appears to be higher amongst a particular race, ethnicity, and region. Why is this so, and what suggestions can you give for prevention?

Question 31

What do you think accounts for the "Hispanic paradox" (lower rates of CVD despite greater CVD risk factors)?

Question 32

How can technology help in prevention of CVD, and what technological initiatives can be used to create wider access to cardiology specialists?