Deck 1: Defining Rurality

Question 1

Who is credited as the father of modern medicine?

A) Ronald Ross
B) Hippocrates
C) Robert Koch
D) Alexander Fleming
E) Louis Pasteur

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The first surgeon general was:

A) Dr. Lister Hill.
B) Dr. John Woodworth.
C) Dr. John Adams.
D) Dr. Harold Burton.
E) Dr. Harry Truman.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Causes of rural hospital and clinic closures includes all of the following except:

A) out migration of educated young adults.
B) declining populations in rural areas.
C) less revenue generated by rural hospitals.
D) influx of many ethnic minority.
E) None of these is correct.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Different taxonomies used to define the concept of rurality include:

A) Index of Real Rurality (IRR).
B) Rural-Urban Converging Area (RUCA).
C) Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC).
D) cosmopolitan counties.
E) rural cluster.

Question 5

Action areas for health promotion as identified by the Ottawa Charter include:

A) develop personal skills.
B) engage partnerships.
C) reorient health services.
D) All of these are correct.
E) develop personal skills and reorient health services only.

Question 6

The Index of Relative Rurality (IRR) measures a county's degree of rurality using which of these criteria?

A) Density
B) Built up area
C) Site on the map
D) All of these are correct.
E) Density and built-up area only

Question 7

The viability of rural America is threatened by:

A) historical racism.
B) language differences.
C) lack of cooperation and understanding between all segments of the population.
D) ethnic minorities.
E) growing number of retirees.

Question 8

Partners in rural public health include:

A) hospitals.
B) volunteers.
C) non-profit organizations.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 9

Rural America has been transformed by:

A) in-migration of ethnic minorities.
B) a growing number of retirees.
C) increasing births and adolescents.
D) All of these are correct.
E) in-migration of ethnic minorities and a growing number of retirees only.

Question 10

The idea behind the Hill-Burton act was to:

A) build clinics everywhere.
B) make hospitals dependent on income generated from taxes.
C) build clinics only in certain areas of the state.
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 11

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the emphasis of public health was on:

A) epidemic control.
B) vaccination.
C) chlorination of water.
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 12

The first city to establish a board of health was:

A) New York City.
B) Philadelphia.
C) Baltimore.
D) Washington D.C.
E) New Orleans.

Question 13

Which of the following is correct?

A) Visiting nurses provide care for the sick in the hospital.
B) The hospital survey and construction act was signed into law by President Nixon.
C) The idea behind the Burton-Hill act was to build hospitals where they are needed.
D) With the understanding of proper sanitation came the development of local health departments.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 14

Early public health efforts in the United States focused on:

A) specific outbreaks.
B) merchant seamen.
C) urban poor.
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 15

Which of the following challenges is faced by rural America?

A) Poverty
B) Lack of access to care
C) Lack of health insurance
D) Travelling long distances to reach the nearest care provider
E) All of these are correct.

Question 16

Health promotion is the actualization of increased control over and improved health of an individual.

Question 17

Comparing the OMB definition of rurality and that of the US Census Bureau, there was a lack of strong correlation between the definition of urban and metropolitan areas, which brought about the need for a new definition.

Question 18

The Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) system is not flexible and cannot be grouped in many ways to suit particular analytic or policy purposes.

Question 19

RUCAs can identify the rural portions of metropolitan counties and the urban portions of nonmetropolitan counties.

Question 20

The increasing diversity of rural America does not deserve a closer look at the racial-ethnic populations making up the rural landscape.

Question 21

Urban-centric principles and practices do not require adjustment to be effective in rural areas.

Question 22

The cause of rural hospital closure is unifactorial; it is underscored by state legislative neglect.

Question 23

The Hill-Burton act is responsible for construction of nearly two-thirds of US hospitals.

Question 24

The civil war brought about a good understanding of proper sanitation in preventing diseases.

Question 25

By the end of the 1900s, the Marine Hospital Service was recognized as the chief health agency of the United States.

Question 26

Rural health refers to the health status of people living in rural areas and the policies that guide the health care delivery system that serves them.

Question 27

The Marine Hospital Service was established as an act for the relief of disabled seamen.

Question 28

The Marine Hospital Service took over national authority for issues of quarantine and public health from the National Board of Health.

Question 29

Prior to the establishment of local public health departments, district physicians delivered much of the rural public health services.

Question 30

Criticism to the Meikirch's model of health is its use of the term "state" in its definition.

Question 31

The WHO definition of health has been facing intensifying criticisms. Why?

Question 32

Health promotion is not just the responsibility of the health sector. Explain.

Question 33

People living in rural America face several challenges including poverty and lack of access to care. Discuss.

Question 34

Rural public health requires an array of partners. Who are these and how do they contribute to rural public health?

Question 35

Rural-focused research is needed to improve rural public health. Discuss.